Post Spinal Headache: Special Considerations in Obstetric Patients | Chapter 8 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 9

 

Spinal anesthesia is the most commonly used regional block in anesthetic practice. Central neural block (CNB) is administered frequently for caesarean section. Post-spinal headache (PSH) is the most frequent and discomforting late complication of spinal anaesthesia. PSH is an important cause of iatrogenic maternal co-morbidity and maternal dissatisfaction. The exact mechanism of headache following PSH is not clear. Different associated symptoms may be there with PSH which may mimic other clinical conditions presenting as headaches. Expedited discharge of the mother or delayed onset of PSH in some women may not capture all the mothers developing PSH after hospital discharge. The mother having PSH might first report to the obstetrician. A pilot study in our institute, regarding knowledge and practice of treatment of PSH amongst obstetricians demonstrated limited knowledge of PSH. Bedrest, fluids, analgesics, caffeine, Sphenopalatine ganglion block, and Epidural blood patch are treatment modalities commonly used for PSH management.

Even though PSH is a self-limiting condition, a subset of patients will suffer from potentially life-threatening neurological consequences. Such a patient needs urgent referral to an anaesthesiologist, neurologist, and special radiological investigations for definitive diagnosis and treatment. Epidural Blood Patch should be considered to treat PSH which impairs the daily activities of the patient and is refractory to conservative therapy or the patient has other neurological sequelae of PSH like hearing loss and cranial nerve palsy. Awareness needs to be there amongst obstetricians regarding PSH to avoid medicolegal problems and patients also are to be educated about red flag symptoms once they develop PSH.

This article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical picture, and management of PSH with special considerations during the postpartum period.

 

Author (s) Details

Sadhana Sudhir Kulkarni
In-Charge Skill Development Unit, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, MGMIHS University, Navi Mumbai, India.

Savani Sameer Futane
Department of Anaesthesiology, Maharashtra Postgraduate Institute of Health Sciences, Nashik, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v9/2453

A Review on Various Non-Pharmacological Treatments in Migraine | Chapter 8 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 11

Migraine is a neurological condition characterized by excruciating headaches, typically on one side or sometimes both sides, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and noise. It is a severe and debilitating brain disorder that is rated as the sixth most disabling condition worldwide by the World Health Organization and the most disabling among all neurological disorders. Although the exact causes of migraines remain unknown, there are a wide variety of environmental and biological variables that might bring on these painful headaches. Our research in this publication centred on non-pharmacological treatments for migraines, namely those that lessen the migraine's frequency, length, and severity of pain. Some of these methods include making changes to one's diet (such as adhering to a ketogenic diet, maintaining a healthy weight, eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, avoiding foods that may trigger migraines, increasing magnesium intake through foods high in fibre, and using ginger, which contains bioactive compounds that can alleviate acute migraines). While yoga may relieve discomfort, exercise or physical activity can sometimes set it off. Anybody can do these treatments in the comfort of their own home.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Indira Paudel
Faculty of Nursing, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.

 

Sakshi Chaturvedi
Faculty of Nursing, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.

 

Bimala Subba
Faculty of Nursing, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.

 

Preeti
Faculty of Nursing, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.

 

Roshni Soni
Faculty of Nursing, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v11/3788

Visual Evoked Potential in Migraine with Aura | Chapter 1 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 1

 Twelve percent of the world’s population suffers from migraines. A sizable portion of the world’s population suffers from migraines with aura. The purpose of this research is to describe the findings of a case-control study that was carried out to gain a better understanding of how migraine with aura manifests. The research looked at the P100 delay of the visual-evoked potential in both eyes of 92 healthy people and 44 patients who suffered from migraines with visual aura. All of the participants in the study were recruited from King Fahad University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. The information that was gathered was analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 21 and descriptive statistics were produced as a result. Both sets of people had the same ancestry and originated from the same location. Patients who suffered from migraines with aura exhibited a significantly shorter P100 delay in both eyes compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001), which is evidence that their early visual processing was distinct. In order to arrive at these findings, we compared people who suffer from migraines with aura to people who do not suffer from migraines and used them as subjects. This study might improve migraine treatment outcomes by understanding key biological processes and risk factors and creating personalized treatment plans that may help doctors to alleviate migraine symptoms and minimize their frequency and intensity. These findings also contribute to the ongoing attempts to bring the disease under control and provide vitally significant new information regarding the functioning of headaches with auras. The primary focus of study in the future should be on determining the nature of the connection between issues with early visual processing and headaches with aura.

 

Author (s) details:-

 

Foziah J. Alshamrani
Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

 

Mona Hmoud AlSheikh
Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

Noora Almuslim
Neurology Department, King Fahad University Hospital, Dammam, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

 

Hatem Al Azman
Neurology Department, King Fahad University Hospital, Dammam, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

 

Fahad Alkhamis
Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

 

Saima Nazis Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

 

Hind Alnajashi
Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

 

Abdulla Alsulaiman
Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v1/3440G

Study about Cysticercosis of the Superior Rectus Muscle | Chapter 6 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 4

The involvement of the extraocular muscle form is the commonest presentation in orbital cysticercosis. Cysticercosis is an endemic disease in the Indian subcontinent. Cysticercosis is commonly found in people living in poor sanitary conditionsworldwide. In this case report, we will be discussing cysticercosis involving the superior rectus of the eye and causing symptoms. We report a case of 45-year-old male patient presented to the Emergency Room with complaints of severe headache around his right eye extending retro-orbital manner since last 4-5 hours before ER arrival.

Author(s) Details:

Surjeet Acharya,
Department of Emergency Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V4/article/view/13176

Two Cases of New Daily Persistent Headache Successfully Treated with Onabotulinum Toxin Type A (BoNT-A)| Chapter 12| Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 This report details two conventional cases of New Daily Persistent Headache (NDPH), refractory to various analyses, the one presented a acceptable answer to periodic eras of Onabotulinum Neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A), (Botox™). NDPH is a basic problem disorder, from continuous and continual routine difficulty with hurried attack (openly remembered apiece patient) and in addition to three months existing. It lacks typical dispassionate face, being related to never-ending migraine outside air or strain-type headache. It may be self-restricting inside months or age without medicine, or be obstinate to most situations.Case N. 1: A 19 year-female marriage partner, outside earlier headache experiences, had happened pain for eight months before the first remark from a daily, constant and continual reciprocal headache, accompanying appearance of pressure-type headache. She was endure differing examinations and already diagnosed as NDPH. Her pain was passive to diversified pharmacological and non-pharmacological situations. After three cycles of BoNT-A (195 U) she knowing a acceptable remedy of pain and good bettering of her quality of growth (QoL).Case N. 2: A 56-old age-great hindrance suffered because eleven age from a constantly and continuous difficulty, urgent/constricting in quality and of moderate force, but accompanying regularly paroxysms of stabbing pain, outside unrestrained politically syndromes. No start factors of pain were discovered. She knowing a lessening period of three age, from that time forward the pain relapsed accompanying the same looks. Neurological test was negative, other than minimal dysarthria. She was endure miscellaneous examinations (containing a complete insane evaluation) and subsequently pinpointed as NDPH. Her pain was insensitive to multiple pharmacological situations. After a period from first era of BoNT-A (195 U) she experienced a acceptable aid of pain and good bettering of her quality of growth. Her pain relapsed near after administration of BoNT-A and subsequently a misplaced era: a good relaxation and substantial bettering of her QoL were eventually acquired with further phases of the situation.These two cases of NDPH were favorably treated accompanying BoNT-A. We intend this situation for refractory cases of never-ending day-to-day headaches, containing NDPH.

Author(s) Details:

Marco Trucco,
Former Head of Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, S. Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure (SV), Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V7/article/view/8651

Current Updates on Migrane: Diagnosis and Management | Chapter 8 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 9

 Migraine is more than just a headache; it is a complex, poorly understood neurovascular condition. Due to the pathological mechanisms connecting cortical depolatization, brainstem dysfunction, meningeal vasodilatation, and activation of sensory pain areas as distant as the cervical nucleus caudalis, it manifests with a wide range of symptoms. Patients typically employ over-the-counter drugs such triptans, compound analgesics, or ergot derivatives in the treatment of migraines. Patients with headaches are a typical complaint among doctors. Therefore, a definite diagnosis of migraine can be achieved swiftly and securely when the patient is approached logically. We have made an effort to describe the less well-understood features of this condition in this chapter, including its pathogenesis, management, and most recent developments in terms of treatment.

Author(s) Details:

B. Niveditha,
Madha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.

Mutum Sangeeta Devi,
Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India.

Khumukcham Sophia,
Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS), Imphal, India.

D. K. S Lakshminrusimhan,
R.V.S Dental College, Coimbatore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V9/article/view/8015

Electroencephalographic Findings in Patients with Migraine | Chapter 19 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

Common and incapacitating, migraine is an illness that places a heavy personal strain on patients and a heavy financial load on society. Migraine sufferers are significantly limited in all facets of their everyday life, including job, domestic duties, and leisure activities. A systematic approach to categorization and diagnosis is a crucial prerequisite for clinical care and fruitful research because there are many different illnesses that can cause headaches. Nowadays, individuals with migraine are regularly examined with the Electroencephalogram (EEG). Some migraine sufferers experience high voltage aberrant slow-wave activity. Basilar migraine has been associated with a variety of atypical EEG patterns, such as 1) excessive beta activity during the ictal phase in children, 2) a predominance of delta activity during the headache attack, and 3) normal EEG throughout the assault. 4. Unusual connection of acute confusional state with FIRDA (frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity) during migraine attack. 3. Slowdown in the posterior area or slowing with spikes and sharp wave complexes 54–56.

Author (s) Details:

Tapaswini Mishra,
Department of Physiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Dipti Mohapatra,
Department of Physiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Priyambada Panda,
Department of Physiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Arati Meher,
Department of Physiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Ellora Devi,
Department of Physiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V9/article/view/7457

Determination of Middle Turbinate Lateralisation in Rhinogenic Headache | Chapter 19 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 Background: A rhinogenic headache is a tough symptom to investigate. The clinical appearance of headaches shows a wide range of variations. In such circumstances, a nasal endoscopy and CT scan can aid in the diagnosis and management of the condition.

The researchers looked at 40 cases of rhinogenic headache. Before surgery, all of them had a clinical examination, a nasal endoscopy, and a CT scan, and they were all followed up on afterward.

The procedure was successful in all of the patients. In this investigation, no severe problems directly connected to surgery occurred.

Author(S) Details

Jagram Verma
Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, MGMMC and MYH, Indore (M.P), India.

Abhilasha Verma
Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, MGMMC and MYH, Indore (M.P), India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V3/article/view/5480