Comprehensive Characterisation and Therapeutic Evaluation of EGFR-Targeted Gelatin Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy | Chapter 4| Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 11

 

The emergence of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems has revolutionized cancer treatment by enabling targeted therapeutic approaches that can specifically accumulate within tumor tissues while minimizing off-target effects. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted gelatin nanoparticles represent a promising approach for cancer therapy through selective drug delivery to EGFR-overexpressing tumour cells. A better understanding of the biological barriers and the pathophysiological principles of GE11- modified tumor-targeting nanoparticles will be promoted, especially through the study of the targeting delivery process of GE11 peptide-modified liposomes. This research paper comprehensively examines the observation methods and analytical processes for characterizing EGFR-targeted gelatin nanoparticles, focusing on their synthesis, modification, and therapeutic applications. The study evaluates various characterisation techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and in vitro cellular assays. The methodology encompasses both experimental design principles and analytical protocols based on established practices in the literature. Secondary data analysis was conducted through a comprehensive review of recent literature published between 2020-2024. A total of 40 peer-reviewed publications were systematically analyzed to extract quantitative data on nanoparticle properties, targeting efficiency, and therapeutic outcomes. Primary data analysis encompasses original research findings from laboratory studies conducted to evaluate EGFR-targeted gelatin nanoparticle systems. The analysis includes experimental data from nanoparticle synthesis, characterisation, and biological evaluation studies. Primary data analysis reveals that GE11 peptide-modified gelatin nanoparticles demonstrate enhanced cellular uptake in EGFR-positive cancer cell lines, with particle sizes ranging from 150-300 nm and encapsulation efficiencies exceeding 85%. Secondary data analysis from recent studies indicates significant therapeutic improvements, with targeted formulations showing 60-75% greater efficacy compared to non-targeted controls in various cancer models. The findings demonstrate that multi-modal characterization approaches are essential for optimizing EGFR-targeted gelatin nanoparticle systems, providing critical insights for translating these therapeutic platforms from laboratory research to clinical applications. The successful translation of these research findings into clinical applications has the potential to significantly improve outcomes for cancer patients while reducing treatment-related side effects.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Huda Begam
Department of Chemistry, RKDF University, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal (M.P.) 462033, India.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v11/6292

 

Gelatin Nanoparticles Containing Cantigi Leaf Extract as Anti-Agings | Chapter 5 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 3

Cantigi (Vaccinium varingiaefolium Blume Miq.) has young leaves with a red color that may contain flavonoids. Flavonoids may have anti-aging activity as antioxidants, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase. The study aims to produce an ethanolic extract of Cantigi leaves and nanoparticles of the ethanolic extract and compare their antioxidant, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase activities. To make the ethanolic extract, dry powders of young Cantigi leaves are macerated gradually with hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The dried extracts are obtained after evaporating using a vacuum evaporator and then tested for specific and non-specific parameters. The dried extract is synthesized into nanoparticles by desolvation using gelatin as the polymer and glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker and then characterized. The antioxidant, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase activities of the extracts and nanoparticles are then measured and compared with their IC50s. The results show that the ethanol extract of Cantigi leaves meets specific and non-specific parameters. Moreover, the nanoparticles have a particle size of 307.90±2.54 nm, polydispersity index of 0.271±0.01, zeta potential of 12.80±0.44 mV, entrapment efficiency of 43.29±3.97%, and spherical. The IC50s of anti-collagenase, antioxidant, and anti-tyrosinase activities for extracts are 104.18±0.33, 18.87±0.36, 196.88±20.28 ppm, while for nanoparticles are 124.40±0.39, 30.14±0.33, and 53.55±27.07 ppm, respectively. The results conclude that the extract contains anti-collagenase, antioxidants, and anti-tyrosinase, and the activity is higher than the nanoparticle activity except for the anti-tyrosinase activity. The slow release of the extract from the nanoparticles may cause a decrease in activity.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kosasih Kosasih

Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Pancasila, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

I Wayan Redja
Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Pancasila, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Yunahara Farida
Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Pancasila, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v3/4306

Formulation of Cantigi (Vaccinium varingiaefolium Blume Miq.) Leaf Extract-Loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles as Anti-Breast Cancer In vitro | Book Publisher International

Background: Indonesia, an archipelagic country with numerous volcanoes, is home to Cantigi (Vaccinium varingiaefolium Blume Miq.), which thrives around the volcanic craters, including on Mount Tangkuban Parahu in North Bandung. Empirically, the local community uses it for salad, cosmetics, and health. Previous studies have demonstrated that Cantigi leaf extract exhibits significant cytotoxic activity against L1210 leukemia cells, though its effects on breast cancer cells have yet to be studied.

Objectives: To obtain simplicia and extracts of Cantigi leaves that meet the quality standards of simplicia and extracts; to determine the toxicity data of Cantigi leaf extract using BSLT and MTT methods on T47D and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and on normal Vero cells, and determine their selectivity index; to obtain data on volatile bioactive compounds using the GC-MS method and non-volatile bioactive compounds using the LC-MS/MS method; to formulate and obtain physicochemical data and optimum cytotoxic activity of Cantigi leaf extract-loaded gelatin nanoparticles.

Methodology: Cantigi leaves of Mount Tangkuban Parahu were made into simplicia using an oven, and the extract using maceration in stages with hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The simplicia and extracts were tested and standardized against specific and non-specific parameters. The extract cytotoxic activity was prepared and tested by BSLT (Artemia salina larva) and MTT (T47D, MCF-7, and Vero cells) methods, and the selectivity index was calculated and compared. Extract phytochemicals were analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods. The extract was prepared and synthesized into gelatin nanoparticles by varying two process variables and three material concentrations and characterized by particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, IC₅₀ (T47D cells), FTIR, morphology, and release profile.

Results: The simplicia and extract met the specific and non-specific quality standards. The ethyl acetate extract was toxic on the BSLT test (LC50 of 320,63 ppm) and had the highest cytotoxic activity ((IC₅₀ of 75.16+3.05 ppm, the MTT test on T47D cells). GC-MS identified two main compounds (palmitic acid and stearic acid), and LC-MS/MS identified three main compounds (bufalin, trametenolic acid, and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside), and all had cytotoxic activities on breast cancer cells. Gelatin nanoparticles can be prepared and characterized. The most optimum gelatin nanoparticles have the following characteristics: Particle size of 128.7+28.8 nm, polydispersity index of 0.293+0.00, zeta potential of 9.53+0.00 mV, entrapment efficiency of 74.87+0.00 %, and cytotoxic activity (IC₅₀) of 16.88+1.42 ppm. In general, the gelatin nanoparticles met the nanoparticle criteria.

Conclusion: The formulation of gelatin nanoparticles from Cantigi leaf extract (Vaccinium varingiaefolium Blume Miq.) as an in vitro breast cancer agent can produce gelatin nanoparticles that have optimum cytotoxic activity with IC₅₀ of 16.88 ppm, and this activity is better than the cytotoxic activity of the crude extract with IC₅₀ of 75.16 ppm.

 

Author (s) Details

Kosasih Kosasih
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-84-6