Physicochemical Fruit-harvest Indicators for Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Varieties Cultivated in Ghana for Export and Local Markets | Chapter 9 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

Background: Most mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties grown in Ghana for export include Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt; all of Florida origin and have different post-harvest characteristics. The issue of few exportable mango fruits in Ghana can be attributed to inappropriate post-harvest handling and the inability of farmers to determine the appropriate time of fruit maturity; all of which are significant contributors to poor-quality fruit.

Purpose: Field and laboratory studies were conducted at Prudent Export and Import Company Ltd Mango Plantation and at the Bio-chemistry Laboratory of Food Research Institute, Legon, Accra, Ghana, respectively. For field studies, fruit ages (early, mid, and late harvest stages) of Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt mango varieties were determined through ‘age-control’ and established for physiological (early harvest) and eat-ripeness stages (mid and late harvests). This was followed by laboratory studies to determine the physicochemical properties at these physiological and eat-ripeness stages that could be used as simple harvest indicators for export and local markets.

Research Methods: Randomized Complete Block Design and Completely Randomized Design with four replications in each case were used for field and laboratory studies respectively. For each of the four varieties, five mango trees were sampled at random in each of the four replications of Prudent Export and Import Company Ltd Mango Plantation in the Greater Accra region of Ghana, to accomplish the purpose of the study.

Findings: Established harvest stages (ages) at physiological maturity/early harvest, mid-harvest, and late harvest for Haden were 112, 119, and 126 days from fruit-set, respectively; for Kent 126, 133, and 140 days from fruit-set, respectively; for Palmer 133, 140, and 147 days from fruit-set, respectively; and for Keitt 140, 147, and 154 days from fruit-set, respectively. Established TA (% citric acid), Ascorbic acid (mg.100g^-1),  TSS (^oBrix), pH, Moisture (%), DM (%), Fibre (%), and TSS/Acidity ratio readings at physiological maturity for Haden were 1.071, 24.90, 8.94, 3.250, 83.55, 16.45, 0.017, and 8.3473 respectively; for Kent 0.807, 8.50, 6.88, 3.499, 82.28, 17.72, 0.016, and  8.5254 respectively; for Palmer 0.940, 35.50, 7.25, 3.328, 83.89, 16.11, 0.017, and 7.7128 respectively; and for Keitt 1.004, 23.80, 6.56, 3.349, 84.26, 15.74, 0.026, and 6.2835 respectively. Established TA (% citric acid), Ascorbic acid (mg.100g^-1), TSS (^oBrix), pH, Moisture (%), DM (%), Fibre (%), and TSS/Acidity ratio readings at eat-ripe maturity for Haden were 0.14, 8.05, 18.50, 5.11, 80.85, 19.15, 0.065, and 132.140 respectively; for Kent 0.12, 3.32, 17.50, 4.08, 80.94, 19.06, 0.062, and 145.830 respectively; for Palmer 0.31, 5.52, 19.10, 5.00, 80.25, 19.75, 0.066, and 61.610 respectively; and for Keitt 0.10, 3.66, 17.00, 5.80, 81.95, 18.05, 0.094, and  170.00 respectively. Pulp colour (turning yellow) was nearly the same for the different varieties at physiological maturity but varied when ripe, with uniform consistent texture at both stages. TA, Ascorbic Acid, TSS, pH, Moisture, DM, Fibre, Pulp/flesh Colour, Pulp Consistency, and TSS/Acidity ratio have all been established as physicochemical indices that could be used as harvest indicators at both physiological and eat-ripe stages for Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt mango varieties cultivated in Ghana for export and local markets.

Limitations: No limitations to report.

Originality/Value: Fruit should be harvested after full maturity in order to develop the most adequate organoleptic quality and the longest post-harvest life, and before full ripeness but should never be over-ripe or immature for any purpose unless otherwise.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Moomin Abu
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development Studies, Nyankpala, Northern Region, Ghana.

 

Lawrence Dzarkwei Abbey
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, Okplonglo, Accra, Ghana.

 

Nelson Kobla Amey
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, Okplonglo, Accra, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v5/2635 

Determination of Radionuclides and Radiological Parameters in Some Fruits from Niger Delta, Nigeria | Chapter 2 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 4

 The present study confirm radionuclide activity levels that are usable in fruits, investigate attainable risks that are connected with absorbing these fruits and the need to determine dissemination exposure level in persons due to absorbing these fruits from Niger Delta. Radionuclides’ activity aggregation in fruits is essential for the decision of radiological parameters and guardianship of human health.Fruits can be active due to the ghost of naturally occurring active materials (NORMs) and technically embellished radioactive fabrics (TENORMs) in the environment. The Radionuclide activity aggregation and Radiological parameters of Some Fruits from Niger Delta, Nigeria was contingent upon using gamma indication spectroscopy. The study measured the activity aggregation of radionuclides in fruits and the results demonstrated that the total activity concentration of 40K, 232Th and 226Ra in products were 578.24 Bqkg-1, 263.84 Bqkg-1and 128.35 Bqkg-1 respectively. The study learned that 40K is the radionuclide with the capital value of activity aggregation while apricot crop has the highest valueof radionuclide aggregation compared to other products. The statistical reasoning of data was also finished using mathematical packages. The radiological limits, such as the annual effective measure AED for Infants, Children and Adults due to the fallout in Avocado, Apricot, Guava and Pear were; 829.02 μSvy-1, 565.865 μSvy-1, and 838.725 μSvy-1, 2737.665 μSvy-1, 4361.4875 μSvy-1 and 2497.9025 μSvy-1, 651.20833 μSvy-1, 1202.6767 μSvy-1and 813.22167 μSvy-1, and 1164.7883 μSvy-1, 1724.2933 μSvy-1 and 1088.8933 μSvy-1 respectively. The supposed AED due to the consumption of differing fruits were above globe value. However, the estimated extreme lifetime tumor risks for the various crops are far below the world (WHO) limit. According to the study's judgments, there is no malignancy risk associated with consuming fruits in the study area, and products with tap root plans had the highest concentrations of radionuclide activity.

Author(s) Details:

C. J. Mgbemere,
Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

C. P. Ononugbo,
Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

G. O. Avwiri,
Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V4/article/view/10585

Study on Fruit Based Dye Sensitized Solar Cell | Chapter 9 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 4

 In the field of solar energy conversion, finding a cost-effective and environmentally acceptable solar cell is always a scientific problem. As a result, Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs), which offer low-cost production and attractive features, are gaining traction in the industry. Nanocrystalline mesoporous oxide film, dye sensitizer, electrolyte, redox couple, counter electrode, and conductive substrate make up dye sensitised solar cells. The dye sensitizer faces several key hurdles, including high production and material costs, a complicated and costly synthetic process, and an easy degradation problem for inorganic dye sensitizers. As a result, the alternative dye in DSSCs will be a dye with a large supply and low cost. Natural dyes appear to be a viable alternative dye since they are inexpensive, easy to obtain, have a large supply of raw materials, are non-toxic, and biodegrade completely. The performance of the fruit-based dye-sensitized solar cell over the years is reviewed in this article.

Author(S) Details

M. C. Ung
Energy and Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

C. S. Sipaut
Energy and Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

J. Dayou
Vibration and Sound Research Group, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

K. S. Liow
Energy and Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

J. Kulip
Biology Tropical and Conservation Institute, Universiti Malaysia UMS, 88400, Jalan Maktab Sabah, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

R. F. Mansa
Energy and Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V4/article/view/4801

Study on Skin Separation in Majhul Fruits | Chapter 07 | Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 3

 Skin separation in mature date fruits is not only an unattractive trait, but it also lowers the fruit's market value and costs the growers money. Because of the internal turgor pressure, the fruit's shape is defined by the skin at pre-ripe phases. According to our research, it is regulated by environmental factors and is generated in part by high diurnal, cyclic stressors of turgor pressure variations prior to the fruit's ripening stage. The mechanical properties of ripe fruit skin in Majhul dates have also been discovered to effect the separation of soft tissues. In our experiment, the mechanical properties (visco-elasticity) of separated and non-separated fruit skin were shown to be significantly different. It is suggested that skin separation prevention methods be used.

Author(S) Details

Itzchak Lustig
Tnuvat Haperi 4, Kiriat Ono. 55286, Israel..

Z. Bernstein
The Jordan Valley Committee for Agricultural Research, Zemach, 15132, Israel.

Moshe Gophen
Migal-Research Institute in Galilee, POB 831, Kiryat Shmone 11016, Israel.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPPSR-V3/article/view/4482

Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation in vitro of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Organic Extracts from Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss & Dur Fruit from Algerian Sahara | Chapter 5 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

 The organic extracts of the fruits of Ammodaucus leucotrichus subsp. leucotrichus Cosson & Durieu will be investigated for their pytochemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The Apiaceae (Umbellifera) family of plants is widely used in traditional Arab medicine and as a food condiment. The qualitative content of secondary metabolites was determined by phytochemical screening of A. leucotrichus fruits. Flavonoids, tannins, saponins, coumarins, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides are all investigated. The antioxidant activity of different extracts is measured using two methods: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical capture. The ferric reduction capability of methanolic extract is significantly higher than that of BHT. The capacity of trapping free radical DPPH is intriguing, with an IC50 of 2,256 g/ ml, similar to BHA's IC50 of 2.167 g/ ml. The extracts and fractions were evaluated for antibacterial activity against eight bacterial strains and three human pathogenic fungi, yielding an intriguing antimicrobial profile.

Author (S) Details

Asjel Sebaa
Organic synthesis laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, P.B. 1524, El M'Naouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria.

Abderazek Marouf
Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences and Life, Ctr Univ Naama, P.B. 66, 45000 Naama, Algeria.

Nadia Kambouche
Organic synthesis laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, P.B. 1524, El M'Naouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria.

Aicha Derdour
Organic synthesis laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, P.B. 1524, El M'Naouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V1/article/view/3348

Evaluation of Nutrient Removal from Different Parts of Koroneiki Olive Trees Grown in Sandy Soil as a Base of Fertilizer Recommendation in Egypt | Chapter 7 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 7

 The aim of this study was to assess the nutrient status of Koroneiki olive trees grown in sandy soils and measure the amount of nutrients that the olive tree removes each year.

Costate Statistical Package was used to measure means, maximums, minimums, and standard deviations (SD) using 12 replicates.

Between January 2011 and December 2012, researchers studied El-FIFA farm, which is located at km 48 of the Cairo-Alexandria road in Egypt's northwestern region.

The experiment was conducted on ten-year-old olive trees cv. Koroneki that were grown in a loamy sand soil. The trees are planted at a 6 x 6 metre spacing (278 tree/ha-1) and are pruned moderately every year using traditional cultural practises. Separating the flesh from the pit, weighing it, and drying it was over. Nutrient concentrations in the flesh and pit were determined, and the nutrients removed by fruit were quantified. Pruning materials were divided into branches and leaves, measured, and dried. The quantities of nutrients extracted annually in pruning is determined based on the dry matter and nutrient concentration in the various tissues. For each organ, nutrient removals were determined by multiplying dry weight by nutrient concentration. The total nutrient removal/tree was calculated by adding these figures together.

The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Na, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B in the leaves are adequate, whereas the levels of Fe and Mg are high. When the yield was 77.33 kg/tree, the nutrients extracted were: 265.24 g N; 37.93 g P; 353.93 g K; 122.67 g Ca; 76.94 g Mg, 74.78 g Na; 7.288 g Fe; 0.773 g Mn;0.514 g Zn, 0.213 g Cu and 0.663 g B.

Conclusion: It was discovered that moderate pruning extracted large quantities of nutrients from fruit and pruned content, which can become inadequate for high oil yields in sandy soils. The obtained results can be used to calculate fertiliser recommendations.

Author (s) Details

Mohamed M. El-Fouly
Department of Fertilization Technology, National Research Centre, Egypt.

A. A. El-Taweel
Horticulture Research Institute Giza, Egypt.

I. M. S. Osman
Horticulture Research Institute Giza, Egypt.

Ikram Saad El-Din
Horticulture Research Institute Giza, Egypt.

S. H. A. Shaaban
Department of Fertilization Technology, National Research Centre, Egypt.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V7/issue/view/41