Drug Utilization Pattern at the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Health Care Hospital in India| Chapter 6 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 8

 

Drug utilization studies ensure patient safety by assessing the safe and effective use of drugs, optimizing treatment strategies for better outcomes and contributing to overall quality improvement in emergency care. The aim of the study is to understand drug utilization patterns at the emergency department of a tertiary health care hospital in India. The study was designed as a prospective observational study. The patients’ data were collected and distributed on the basis of age, gender, comorbidities, disease and drug class in which the patients were observed for 6 months, and the conclusion was obtained with a sample size of 100 patients. Where the result was obtained according to the gender, males (64%) were more prone to disease than females (36%). The age group 51-60 years was more prone to disease, i.e., 28% than the 61-70 years (24%), and the least age group that visited the Emergency department was those 91-100 years (3%). The most common comorbidities that were observed during the study were hypertension (56 Patients), diabetes mellitus (45 Patients), hypothyroidism (10 Patients), and coronary artery disease (15 Patients), while 10 patients had no comorbidities. The common drugs used in ER are Pantoprazole, Ondansetron, Optineuron and Acetaminophen. In this study, the findings highlight the need for promoting rational drug therapy by encouraging the prescription of essential drugs using their generic names to improve health care outcomes and also in optimising drug therapy in the Emergency department.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Badikela Rama Krishna
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus-School of Pharmacy, Ibrahimpatnam, Ranga Reddy - 501506, Telangana, India.

 

Ratnakar Cherukupally
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus-School of Pharmacy, Ibrahimpatnam, Ranga Reddy - 501506, Telangana, India.

 

Pranaya Pakir
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus-School of Pharmacy, Ibrahimpatnam, Ranga Reddy - 501506, Telangana, India.

 

Tallapally Ashwini

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus-School of Pharmacy, Ibrahimpatnam, Ranga Reddy - 501506, Telangana, India.

 

Shaik Harun Rasheed
Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus-School of Pharmacy, Ibrahimpatnam, Ranga Reddy - 501506, Telangana, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v8/6229

 

Exploring Factors Influencing Health Professionals’ Preparedness for Trauma Care in Accident and Emergency Departments in Selected Hospitals in Kakamega County, Kenya | Chapter 1 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 4

 

Introduction: Trauma is a physical injury of sudden onset and severity to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent and may result in wounds, broken bones, or internal organ damage. More than 9 people die every minute from trauma and 5.8 million people of all ages and economic groups die every year from accidental injuries. Trauma is a neglected disease of the modern world. Healthcare provider preparedness contributes to trauma patient survival.

Purpose: The main objective of the study was to determine health professional factors influencing trauma care preparedness among health care providers working in the accident and emergency departments of the selected hospitals.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional Analytic study. Census sampling was used to select General Practitioner hospitals. A systematic sampling technique was used to choose study participants from 11 selected hospitals. The study participants were 183 health professionals (Doctors, Clinical Officers and Nurses) working in the selected hospitals’ accident and emergency departments.  Data was collected using structured questionnaires, and observation checklists. Data was analyzed using a statistical package for Social Science software version 22.0. Inferential statistics were used to test the strength of the association. 

Results: Health Professionals’ factors that influenced trauma care preparedness were; specific training on trauma care (p=0.002), attending Continuing Professional Development education (p=0.0008) and duration when last update was received (p= 0.04).   Trauma care preparedness which was the study outcome was defined as a score of at least 50% on the four areas that were examined i.e. feeling on being prepared to attend to mass casualties, team performing a primary survey on trauma patients, having guidelines on the primary survey on trauma patients strongly agreeing that regular courses on trauma care are useful in preparation for trauma care with each having a score of 1 and overall expected score of 4.0.

Conclusion:  Trauma is influenced by trauma-related training, trauma-related continuing medical education, and the time since the last trauma update was received. Healthcare professionals who work in accident and emergency rooms must receive regular updates on trauma care as well as trauma-related training.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Dinnah Akosa Okwiri
School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedical Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya.

 

John Martin Okoth
Department of Nursing Research, Education and Management, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya.

 

Tecla Psusma Sum
Department of Paramedical Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v4/3627G

Epidemiological Study of Road Traffic Accident Cases Admitted in a Tertiary Care Centre of Uttar Pradesh, India: A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Approach | Chapter 10 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 1

Aim: This study highlights a sociodemographic profile of road traffic accident (RTA) cases and to know the type of road users and the counterpart involved in the road traffic accidents.

Introduction: Spectacular advances in health and health related sciences has brought down the morbidity and mortality due to communicable diseases and has resulted in longevity of people. Worldwide about 1.3 million people die each year as a result of road traffic accidents and are the leading cause of death among young people, aged 15–29 years. Nearly half (46%) of those dying on the world’s roads are vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclist.

Methodology: A hospital based cross-sectional study, conducted at Emergency Department& Hospital of S.N Medical College, Agra. By using systematic sampling technique, a total of 425 RTA cases were registered for the study. Cases or their attendant were interviewed based on a semi structured questionnaire.

Results: Out of 425 RTA cases majority were Hindus (90.6%), males (89.6%), from urban areas (72%), married (65.8%) and illiterate (62.8%). Maximum belonged to 16-30 years age group (40.0%) and laborers (42.3%) while mostly (82.8%) were from upper- lower social class. There are a substantial proportion of RTA victims who were injured while walking or riding pedal cycles. Maximum (33.2%) cases were hit by two wheelers, followed by those who were hit by LMV (22.8%). A little less than 20% of the cases were not hit by any motorized vehicle.

Conclusion: Majority of the RTA cases are in the economically productive age group and are married, hence their hospitalization or disability places a huge economic burden on the family.

Author(s) Details:

Verma P.,
Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College Kannauj, U.P, India.

Singh G.,
Department of Community Medicine, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V1/article/view/13021

Management of Rare Case of Hemiplegya in Emergency Department | Chapter 15 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 Background: While the most common cause of loss of consciousness in children and adolescents is neurally induced hypotension, which manifests clinically as vasovagal syncope, a thorough differential diagnosis is needed to rule out cardiac, neurological, or psychiatric causes of syncope.

Case Report: An 8-year-old athlete with no significant personal background is transported to the emergency room (ED) by ambulance after experiencing loss of consciousness, vomiting, and seizures of sudden onset and no prodromal signs and symptoms while playing on an elastic trampoline in the playground. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated various areas of ischemia in the cerebellum, pons, and medulla, as well as magnetic resonance angiography including time-of-flight (TOF) sequences, which revealed the absence of blood flow in the left middle cerebral artery. Except in the circumstances in which the patient engaged in competition in a club of athletics, being subjected to intensive and prolonged efforts, echocardiography showed a giant left atrial myxoma, multilobulated, with transvalvular protrusion, without symptoms. The patient was then transferred to intensive care for observation and treatment, but sadly, he died a week later.

Conclusion: The case contains all of the elements for a tragic outcome, including ignoring or omitting a family history of atrial myxoma, the lack of screening echocardiography, the absence of symptoms and clinical signs of left atrial myxoma, and the abrupt occurrence of severe cardiac and cerebral complications.

Author (s) Details

Luciana Teodora Rotaru
Department of Emergency Medicine and First Aid, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 4 Petru Rareș Street, Zip Code 200349, Craiova, Dolj County, Romania.

Mircea-Cătălin Forțofoiu
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 4 Petru Rareș Street, Zip Code 200349, Craiova, Dolj County, Romania.

Octavian Istrătoaie
Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 4 Petru Rareș Street, Zip Code 200349, Craiova, Dolj County, Romania.

Cristian Constantin
Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 4 Petru Rareș Street, Zip Code 200349, Craiova, Dolj County, Romania.

Dana Maria Albulescu
Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 4 Petru Rareș Street,  Zip Code 200349, Craiova, Dolj County, Romania.

Maria Forțofoiu
Department of Emergency Medicine and First Aid, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 4 Petru Rareș Street, Zip Code 200349, Craiova, Dolj County, Romania.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V4/article/view/564