Correct Derivation of the Analogue of Lanjavin's Formula | Chapter 12 | Recent Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 8

 The derivation of the Langevin formula for the average value of the dipole moment is examined in the proposed work. Because the dipoles are in a homogenous electric field that establishes the selected direction, the underlying assumption about the uniform distribution of dipoles at the angles used to derive the formula is incorrect. Accounting for the chosen direction complicates the mathematical apparatus significantly, but it allows you to obtain a more accurate expression for the average dipole moment.

Author(S) Details

A. A. Sobko
Academy of Engineering Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

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Electric Field Distribution Study of Hexagonal and Pentagonal Electrode Geometries | Chapter 18 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

 The fact that over 9 million people died from cancer in 2018, with a further 10 million expected in 2020, demonstrates that present treatments are insufficient; there is an urgent and critical need for additional/alternative physical therapy. Electrochemotherapy, a type of electroporation-based chemotherapy, is becoming more popular. This entails delivering high-intensity, short-duration pulses to the tumour site, which increases biopotential across the cell plasma membrane's phospholipid bilayers and so opens up pores for increased uptake. The electrode geometry, size, material, and tissue treated all influence the intensity and distribution of the electric field.   The effect of different electrodes on the electric field intensity and distribution was explored in this study. Platinum and surgical steel needle array hexagonal and pentagonal electrodes were employed for this purpose. The electric field distribution, intensity, and contour were studied using ANSYS, an industry standard software that employs the finite element approach. The electric field intensity and distribution were measured in both healthy and malignant tissue utilising these varied electrode designs and materials for unipolar and bipolar voltages.   The results show that the electric field distribution is similar for both electrodes, in terms of magnitude and pattern, for both configurations and materials, which is desirable from a clinical standpoint. In the instance of tumour tissue, the electric field intensities for the hexagonal and pentagonal needle electrodes were 1280V/cm and 1180V/cm, respectively (which corresponded to the intended level of 1200V/cm). In the case of healthy tissues, they were 835V/cm and 843V/cm for these electrodes. In the case of bipotential and negative voltages, the values were also the same.

Author (S) Details 

Raja Prabu Ramachandran
B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai 600048, India and Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Visakhapatnam-530045, India.

Vishveswaran Jothi
B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai 600048, India.

Mohamed I. Neamathulla
B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai 600048, India.

Sadasivam Pachamuthu
B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai 600048, India.

Kavitha Sankaranarayanan
AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India.

Raji Sundararajan
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

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Analysis of the Effect of Long-Term Electric Field Treatment on the Spatial Configuration of Fatty Acids in Raw Avocado Oil (Persea americana Mill var. Hass) | Chapter 4 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 1

 The primary goal of this research was to determine the stability of fatty acids in raw avocado oil when exposed to various electric field treatment conditions (voltage: 5 Kilo-Volts cm-1, frequency: 720 Hertz and treatment time: 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min). Gas chromatography was used to examine fatty acids. The raw avocado oil included a larger percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (83.31%), with oleic (60.6%) predominating. The level of elaidic fatty acids was measured at a lower percentage (0.01 percent) than that stated by the Tokyo-based Food Safety Commission. The content and quality of fatty acids in raw avocado oil were unaffected by the electric field treatment.

 
Author (s) Details

José Alberto Ariza-Ortega
University Autonomous State of Hidalgo, Institute of Health Sciences, Nutrition Academic Area, Road Actopan-Tilcuautla, ExHacienda la Concepción, San Agustin Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, 42086, Mexico.

María Reyna Robles-López
Center for Research in Applied Biotechnology, Ex-Hacienda San Juan Molino State Highway Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km 1.5, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, 90700, Mexico.

Raúl René Robles-de-la-Torre
Center for Research in Applied Biotechnology, Ex-Hacienda San Juan Molino State Highway Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km 1.5, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, 90700, Mexico.


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Review on the Actively-Controlled Colloidal Dampers and Investigations on a Colloidal Damper Rendered Controllable under the Variable Magnetic Field Generated by Moving Permanent Magnets| Chapter 10 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 7

 Following a study of the operating principle of a colloidal damper rendered controllable (CDRC), this Chapter presents a review of different types of controlling devices and their sensitivity. The controllability of a new form of colloidal absorber, rendered controllable under varying magnetic fields, is then experimentally tested. This absorber is made up of a water-based ferrofluid (FERROTEC MSG-W10) and a liquid-repellent nanoporous solid body made up of gamma alumina and/or silica gel particles. Permanent neodymium annular magnets are positioned either on the piston head (axial magnetic field) or on the exterior surface of the cylinder to control the dynamic properties (radial magnetic field). The quantity of the displaced liquid by the magnets through the damper's filter and through the nanoporous solid body was estimated after flow visualisations inside a transparent model damper were done. The fluctuation of the magnetic flux density at the magnet surface with the magnet's height and versus the target distance was measured experimentally. The appropriate magnet geometry was chosen based on this information. The trial colloidal damper's three-dimensional structural model, created with Solidworks, and the excitation test rig are then shown. Excitation studies on a ball-screw shaker revealed that the proposed absorber had greater damping capacities than a standard colloidal damper, as well as the ability to modify the damping coefficient depending on the excitation type.

Author(s) Details

Barenten Suciu
Department of Intelligent Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 811-0295 Japan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V7/article/view/1297

Review on the Actively-Controlled Colloidal Dampers and Investigations on a Colloidal Damper Rendered Controllable under the Variable Magnetic Field Generated by Moving Permanent Magnets| Chapter 10 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 7

 Following a study of the operating principle of a colloidal damper rendered controllable (CDRC), this Chapter presents a review of different types of controlling devices and their sensitivity. The controllability of a new form of colloidal absorber, rendered controllable under varying magnetic fields, is then experimentally tested. This absorber is made up of a water-based ferrofluid (FERROTEC MSG-W10) and a liquid-repellent nanoporous solid body made up of gamma alumina and/or silica gel particles. Permanent neodymium annular magnets are positioned either on the piston head (axial magnetic field) or on the exterior surface of the cylinder to control the dynamic properties (radial magnetic field). The quantity of the displaced liquid by the magnets through the damper's filter and through the nanoporous solid body was estimated after flow visualisations inside a transparent model damper were done. The fluctuation of the magnetic flux density at the magnet surface with the magnet's height and versus the target distance was measured experimentally. The appropriate magnet geometry was chosen based on this information. The trial colloidal damper's three-dimensional structural model, created with Solidworks, and the excitation test rig are then shown. Excitation studies on a ball-screw shaker revealed that the proposed absorber had greater damping capacities than a standard colloidal damper, as well as the ability to modify the damping coefficient depending on the excitation type.

Author(s) Details

Barenten Suciu
Department of Intelligent Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 811-0295 Japan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V7/article/view/1297

Emphasizing the Electromagnetism According to Maxwell's Initial Interpretation | Chapter 4 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 10

It is well known that classical electrodynamics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) and Quantum Field Theory (QFT) are based on the wave theory of Maxwell and his equations, but it is much less well understood that they are not based on his initial understanding of the relationship between the fields of E and B, but are based on the interpretation of this relationship by Ludvig Lorenz. Maxwell considered that both fields had to cyclically cause each other for the velocity of light to be sustained, whereas Lorenz considered that both fields had to peak at maximum synchronously at the same time for this velocity to be maintained. The equations are fairly compatible with both interpretations. However, two recent breakthroughs now suggest that the interpretation of Maxwell was right at least with respect to the subatomic level since, contrary to the interpretation of Lorenz, it enables the electromagnetic wave theory of Maxwell, so successfully applied at our macroscopic level, to be seamlessly reconciled with the electromagnetic characteristics that occur at the subatomic level to localised Electromagnetic photons and all localised charged and massive elementary electromagnetic particles from which all atoms are produced, and ultimately allow simple mechanics of electromagnetic photon emission and electron absorption to be identified during their atomic level interactions. A full collection of demonstration experiments that can easily be replicated during hands-on laboratory teaching sessions are now available to the education community, ranging from the first Coulomb electrical experiment to the 1998 magnetic experiment to help teach and validate every element of subatomic electromagnetic energy behaviour.

Author (s) Details

André Michaud
SRP - Service de Recherche Pédagogique, Canada.

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