Micro-Propagation Methodology for the Apple Balady Cultivar Utilizing Leaf Explants | Chapter 7 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

 The goals of this study search out establish a fabric culture and rapid calculating-propagation concerning details system, in addition to an efficient shoots conversion method appropriating leaf explants from the Balady apple genotype. The belongings of various types and amounts of cytokinin and carbon beginnings on shoots regeneration were intentional using artificial leaves as explants for adventitious shoots initiation. The optimal medium for encouraging callus from leaf explants was MS medium holding 2.0 mg/l BA and 5.0 mg/l NAA. MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BA + 1.0 mg/l Kin + 0.5 mg/l NAA were the optimum medium for apple shoots distinction and proliferation. MS medium reinforced with 2.0 mg/l TDZ and 0.1 mg/l NAA was best choice medium for shoots regeneration, bearing the greatest number of shoots (20.32 shoots /jar). The adding of 30 g/l of Sorbitol to the culture medium was the most productive for in vitro shoots increase. With a combination of 2.0 mg/l GA3 and 3.0 mg/l BA, ultimate strong development and elongation were realized. The medium with the highest ingraining rate of 87.6% was ½ MS with 1.5 mg/l IBA additional.

Author(s) Details:

Sayed, A. A. Elsayh,
Central Lab of Date Palm Researches and Development, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

Rasha, N. Arafa,
Horticulture Research Institute, Breeding Research Department, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

Eman H. Afifi,
Central Lab of Date Palm Researches and Development, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

Marwa M. Abdalgaleel,
Horticulture Research Institute, Breeding Research Department, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

Alaa N. Draz,
Agriculture Botany-Department, Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Salwa El-Habashy,
Horticulture Research Institute, Breeding Research Department, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

Emadeldin A. H. Ahmed,
Horticulture Research Institute, Breeding Research Department, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V7/article/view/11852

Effect of PGRs and Nature of Ex-plant on Plant Regeneration in Red Sorghum Karandafi (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) through Somatic Embryogenesis | Chapter 9 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 3

 Sorghum bicolor is an important crop of cereals grown in the tropics, subtropics, temperate regions, poor soils, and semi-arid regions. It is not easy to procure immature embryos during the year because once in their lifespan, sorghum flowering occurs. An optimum protocol for shoot formation by somatic embryogenesis using mature embryo explants has been established in this research. On Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with varying concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyl acetate (2,4-D) ranging from 1,5 mg/l to -4,0 mg/l alone or in combination with 0,5 mg/l of Kinetin acid, Calli was initiated (KN). A difference in significance (p < 0.05) was observed between the various hormone concentrations used for callus induction. The highest percentage of callus formation was obtained from the media fortified with 4 mg/l 2, 4-D for mature embryos obtained from imbibed seed, while the media supplemented with 2 m/l 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/l kinetin (KN) reported a higher percentage of callus formation compared to the media supplemented with 2.5 mg/l2,4-D + 0.5 mg/l for preconditioned mature embryos. A higher percentage of shoot formation was obtained from the 1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine supplemented media (BA). In the media fortified with 1 mg/l BA, the average number of shoots per callus was also greater (2.25), but this was not substantially different from what was obtained from the media fortified with 2 mg/l BA+ 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D at a 5 percent significance level. It was found that when the mature seeds were pre-conditioned on hormone-free media before they were taken to callus induction media, better response was obtained. In conclusion, the shoot formation protocol using mature embryos was optimised. This showed that there was a possibility of enhancing mature embryo regeneration by preconditioning the mature seed prior to inoculation on hormone-free media.

Author(s) Details

Lateefat Bolanle Hassan
Department of Plant Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Inuwa S. Usman
Department of Plant Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Mary D. Katung
Department of Plant Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Sanusi M. Bugaje

Department of Plant Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

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A Comparative Study of in vivo Plant and in vitro Callus Extracts of Coccinia indica (W. and A) | Chapter 4 | Current Strategies in Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology Vol. 3

 An attempt was made in the present study to evaluate the phytochemical, antimicrobial , antioxidant and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of leaf extracts of Coccinia indica (W. and A) using four solvents and to compare them with callous extracts. The leaf explants of C. were initiated by Callus. Indica with 90 % efficiency using BAP (1 mg / l) + NAA (0.2 mg / l) supplemented with MS medium. Successive C method of extraction. Indica was found to be an effective extraction method, and methanol was found to be the most suitable solvent for the extraction of phytochemicals and macromolecules responsible for inhibition of antimicrobials, antioxidants and alpha-amylase. Analysis by GC-MS of C. Indica has confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds (e.g. 9-octadecanoic acid, 2-octadecycloxy ethyl ester (100%) in successive methanolic callus extract) in all extracts where the presence of different important functional groups of the identified bioactive compounds has been confirmed by FTIR analysis. Successive extract of methanol from the callus of C. Indica was found to be a potent antimicrobial agent with drug efflux pump inhibitor properties against 5 strains of bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC700603), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (clinical isolate) and 3 strains of fungi, Candida albicans (IFM 40009), Candida tropicalis (IFM 55058) and Candida kruginosa (clinical isolate) Successive extract of methanol from the callus of C. Indica has been found to be an powerful antioxidant and alpha-amylase inhibitor, showing that it is a potent anti-diabetic agent with an IC50 concentration of 82.5μg / ml. One of the strong evidence for this plant to be used as a phytopharmaceutical agent by conventional practitioners is this research.

Author(s) Details

Dr. J. Anbumalarmathi
Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 086, India.

Dr. S. Aruna Sharmili
Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 086, India.

V. Jayalakshmi
Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 086, India.

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The First Tissue Culture in Dalbergia melanoxylon: Problems and Limitations | Chapter 14 | Current Research Trends in Biological Science Vol.4

 

The first attempt dared on Dalbergia melanoxylon tissue culture was conducted from 2010 to 2013 in
the Botany Laboratory University of Dar es Salaam. A total of 500 seeds were sterilized at different
concentration of reagents and inoculated at different strength of the Murashige and Skoog medium for
germination to obtain disease free explants for callus induction trials. A total of 400 nodal segments
obtained from germinated seeds were sterilized at different concentration of reagents and inoculated
at different hormonal combinations to induce callus formation for seedling multiplication. Results from
this tissue culture attempt set a foundation for tissue culture success in Dalbergia melanoxylon on the
future research. Only 19.8% of seeds inoculated in half strength of Murashige and Skoog medium
germinated within 7 days while only 6.8% of seeds inoculated in full strength germinated within 6
days. A total of 1% of inoculated Dalbergia melanoxylon fragments in Murashige and Skoog media
supplemented with hormone combination at 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA developed callus after16
days from the inoculation day. The final weight of the callus at the last record was 0.62 g. The colour
of callus was green and friable in nature. Other hormonal combinations in this case did not induce
callus. These results suggested that the problems which affect seed germination in the natural
environment are also reflected on germination in the Murashige and Skoog medium and in callus
induction. Vulnerability to fungal attack is a limitation for successful callus induction and germination in the culture room. More research under improved sterile conditions is needed to improve callus
percentage for seedling multiplication.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Washa B. Washa
Mkwawa University College of Education (MUCE), Iringa, Tanzania and A Constituent College of the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

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