Determining the Effect of Smoking on Salivary Parameters | Chapter 11 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 Smoking is a dangerous habit that has been linked to a number of inflammatory and malignant disorders of the mouth, respiratory system, and digestive system.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate and compare the effects of smoking on the composition of entire unstimulated saliva.

Materials and Methods: A total of 186 persons were involved in the study, who were split into two groups: smokers (77 people) and non-smokers (109 people), with an average age of 33. (19-57). There are 89 men and 87 women among them. The studies are performed on unstimulated saliva collected passively according to conventional analytical requirements. Uric acid (UA), alpha-amylase (sAA), secretory IgA (sIg A), total protein (TPro), and albumin were all investigated (alb). Salivary parameters were measured using a finished kit from Thermo science and Beckman Coulter, as well as oral fluid methods from the Olympus AU 640 and Indiko Plus biochemical analyzers.

Results: In smokers, we found a significant increase in total salivary protein and albumin, as well as a decrease in UA, amylase, and sIg A, indicating a shift in saliva homeostasis and antioxidant capacity.

Conclusion: There are significant quantitative differences in saliva parameters between smokers and non-smokers, according to the findings. Smoking has a negative impact on oral homeostasis and raises the risk of inflammatory and degenerative alterations in the mouth lining.

Author(S) Details

Mariana Yordanova
Department of General Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, Medical University of Varna “Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov” Varna; Military Medical Academy, Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment, Varna, Bulgaria.

Nikola Shopov
Military Medical Academy, Centre of Military Medical Expertise Aero and Maritime Medicine, Sofia, Bulgaria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V6/article/view/5604

The Positive Effect of Lithium for Elevated Specific Activities of Alkaline Phosphatase and β-Galactosidase on the Liver and Brain Cell Membrane Integrity in Young and Old Aged Rats | Chapter 4 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

 Differentiate the specific activity of Alkaline Phosphatase and -Galactosidase in the brain and liver of LiCl2 treated young and old aged rats compared to their controls. Materials and Methods: The levels of Alkaline phosphatase and -galactosidase were measured in four groups of male wistar rats (each n=5) throughout the course of 10 and 20 days. LiCl2 cured the brain and liver of young and old rats better than the control. LiCl2 increases protein content, which is essential for the activation of aged brain cells. When compared to their control, alkaline phosphatase and -Galactosidase demonstrated higher specific activity in the brain and liver of young and old rats treated with LiCl2 for 10 and 20 days, respectively. Indeed, alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased for 10 and 20 days. In comparison to their control group, LiCl2 treated young brain showed 16.77 0.309 and 27.74 0.237. When compared to their control, the young rat's brain showed 3.80 0.230, while the adult rat's brain showed 14.28 0.215 and 16.30 0.24, respectively. 8.65 0.304 nm/min/mg of protein; similarly, young liver activity was 19.51 0.487 and 21.28 0.317 as compared to their control 3.67 0.402; and finally, old liver activity was 15.02 0.355 and 18.45 0.439 as compared to their control 3.26 0.304 nm/min/mg of protein. Conclusion: In wistar rats brain and liver cells, both membrane bound Alkaline Phosphatase and -Galactosidase enzymes displayed greater specific activity for LiCl2 treatment. In the rat liver and brain, lithium has a beneficial influence on -galactosidase in both young and elderly brain cells, while having a stronger positive effect on Alkaline phosphatase for cell membrane integrity.

Author (S) Details

M. Prabha

Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, India.

K. N. Sushma

Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, India.

P. Suneetha

Department of Biochemistry, MLACW, India.

R. R. Siva Kiran

Chemical Engineering, RIT, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V4/article/view/4323