Understanding Blue Carbon and Need of Mangrove Productivity: Reviewing Different Projects along with Assessing their Success Rates and Suggesting Alternatives | Chapter 8 | Surviving Sundarbans: Tragedy and Hope, Edition 1

In this research paper, a detailed explanation of blue carbon and carbon sequestration is undergone. A special emphasis has been laid on Sundarban, as it serves to be the delta, having large mangrove forests. The mechanism of carbon capture of mangroves is explained. Also, a comparison of carbon-capturing capacities of different mangrove species is done. Different factors like salinity, temperature, soil type etc. which cause differences in carbon sequestration capacities of different mangrove species are enlisted. Special adaptations that mangroves require to survive in saline conditions are discussed. Discussions about various techniques for improving mangrove productivity till date are conducted. It is observed that although various scientific approaches and afforestation strategies are suggested by the Government to increase productivity in Sundarban, still results are still not as per expectations. The probable reasons behind such failures are highlighted, among which proper site selection, species variety selections and community participation are considered. Threats which are increasing mangrove mortality rates are emphasized. Lastly, alternative approaches like economic valuation methods and guidelines for the plantation of mangroves as bonsai in households are suggested.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Debaditi Goswami
Institute of Education (P.G.) for Women, Chandernagore, Hooghly, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-73-0/CH8

The Transboundary Sundarban Mangroves: A Struggling Ecosystem | Chapter 5 | Surviving Sundarbans: Tragedy and Hope, Edition 1

The Sundarban region is one of the world's most vulnerable coastal ecosystems, facing significant threats from logging, overexploitation, and climate change, including intensified storms, and rising sea levels. Despite being the most productive ecosystem on the earth, the mangrove forests, which support diverse flora and fauna and provide essential services to coastal communities, have declined significantly over the past two centuries. The Sundarban contain 45 mangrove species and 21 species of under-canopy vegetation which experienced an annual degradation rate of about 0.114% from 2005 to 2023. Soil nitrogen content ranges from 0.04% to 0.08%, with high levels of water-soluble and exchangeable magnesium, calcium, and potassium in the Oligohaline zone. The ongoing conflict between resource exploitation and local livelihoods in forested areas underscores the vital role of vegetation in maintaining ecosystems and biodiversity. Typically, there is an inverse correlation between the well-being of local communities and the health of forest ecosystems. As these communities seek to meet their economic needs, pressure on forest resources increases, leading to environmental degradation and reduced biodiversity.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Chandan Surabhi Das
Barasat Govt. College, North 24 Pgs., W.B., India.

 

Pritam Sarkar
West Bengal State University, North 24 Pgs., W.B., India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-73-0/CH5

Sustainable Development Prospects of the Mangrove Relic of Foulpointe – East Madagascar | Chapter 7 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 8

 The Malagasy East coast accounts for nearly 2% of Malagasy mangroves. Located about fifty kilometers North of Toamasina (East Madagascar), the Commune of Mahavelona Foulpointe has a mangrove relic of about 2 hectares. Despite the ecological and socio-economic roles played by this ecosystem, it remains so far an orphan site, both in terms of official management and development. The purpose of this article is to take stock of the situation with a view to proposing methods for the sustainable development of this small mangrove via valuation of its natural dynamics. Systematic floristic inventory work was carried out, following a linear ABC transect of 50-100 m, from the sea (zone C) to the rear mangrove (zone A). Factor Correspondence Analysis (FCA), combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified the plant groups and these methods were combined with the diachronic analysis of the 2009 and 2016 satellite images under the Geographical Information System. Five mangrove species exist at Foulpointe: Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata, Lumnitzera racemosa. With anthropogenic harvesting and tourism activities in the areas, this ecosystem suffers an annual spatial loss of about 0.14 ha between 2009 and 2016. With a natural regeneration rate of about 966 % the small mangrove has a strong capacity for regeneration. Taking into account the pace of current clearing, it would disappear in 10-15 years. The valorization of regenerated young plants, followed by intensive preservation and restoration actions, constitutes a sustainable development path. The stakeholders play an important role in the sustainable management of the Foulpointe mangrove relic. The knowledge of the Foulpointe mangrove forest, which until now, remains little known in terms of structures and pressures, two basic information essential for its sustainable development and management. The renaturation of the site through a natural approach favoring regenerations and the natural reconstitution process.

Author(s) Details:

Andriamparany Rakotomavo,
Hight Institute of Sustainable Development, Environment and Sciences (ISSEDD - University of Toamasina), Madagascar.

Diary Salohy Mandimbinirina,
Hight Institute of Sustainable Development, Environment and Sciences (ISSEDD - University of Toamasina), Madagascar.

Edmond Roger,
Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V8/article/view/13706

Some Research Results on Molluscs (Peanut Worm, Earth Worm) in Type Soil Eco-system, Vietnam | Book Publisher International

 For the first time, Vietnam has identified mangrove forests with Peanut worm to soften the soil and make the flora grow well. In the Peanut worm, there are 17-18 types of irreplaceable amino acids that are used as "panacea" foods for children. Humans and earthworms were found in coffee hills in basalt red soil, making the soil better and increasing the amount of humus related to the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

Author(s) Details:

Ba Le Huy,
Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, (HUIT), Vietnam.

Hoan Nguyen Xuan,
Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, (HUIT), Vietnam.

Phong Nguyen Tan,
Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, (HUIT), Vietnam.

Ha Van Lam,
The Centre of Soil, Ferilize and Environment, Southern, Vietnam.

Chung Ngo Dac,
University of Education, Hue City, Vietnam.

My Huong Nguyen Thi,
University of Education, Hue City, Vietnam.

Trinh Trong Nguyen
HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/SRRMTSEV/article/view/12405

The Regulation and Policy Models of Pekalongan Local Government toward Mangrove Conservation: An Advanced Research | Chapter 5 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 8

 Offshore projects are putting more pressure on coastal habitats, and the mangrove forest is one of the tropical ecosystems found in most offshore locations of Indonesia. The goal of this research is to identify and examine the policies and concepts of the Pekalongan City government regarding mangrove protection. The method is empirical, with descriptive-analytic interpretation using primary and secondary data, and qualitative methodologies are employed to analyse them. Data and information on mangrove conservation legislation and policies, as well as other legal materials, are included in the research materials. The findings are designed to provide policymakers, local governments, and people involved in mangrove protection with a comprehensive view. According to the findings of the qualitative analysis, the provincial government oversees coastal damage prevention through establishing conservation areas. In Kandang Panjang, the Pekalongan Government built a mangrove forest conservation area, which was previously an unproductive shrimp farm managed by the Office of Fisheries and Marine Affairs. The Department of Tourism, the Office of Fisheries and Marine Affairs, and the Office of the Environment are in charge of mangrove forests. Together with the Tourism Awareness Group and the Community Monitoring Group, the coordination team sets roles and capacities to build collaboration and encourage community involvement.

Author(S) Details

Bambang Eko Turisno
Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro, Jalan Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia.

Siti Mahmudah
Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro, Jalan Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia.

Yunanto .
Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro, Jalan Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V8/article/view/5379

Current Scenario of Mangrove Floristics of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Chapter 1 | Current Research in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol. 3

 Andaman and Nicobar mangroves account for 12.39 percent of the country's total mangrove area. They are widely regarded as the best mangroves in the country in terms of density and growth. Andaman Island contains 99 percent of the mangroves, while Nicobar Island contains only 1 percent. They provide a unique habitat for a variety of fish, crustaceans, aquatic organisms, birds, crocodiles, monkeys, and other animals. This diverse and productive ecosystem serves as the foundation for the food chain in the sea and coastal waters. They provide fuelwood, charcoal, timber, and wood chips, as well as help to stabilize the shoreline and filter land runoffs and green walls for soil erosion, which is critical in protecting loose soil from high wind velocity, tidal surges, and cyclonic storms. However, in recent years, the mangrove cover of the Islands has decreased from 686 km2 to 616 km2, representing a 10.20 percent decrease. The main reason for this is the undervaluing of the ecosystem, as well as the implications of climate change.

Author (s) Details

Mr. Nitin K. Suyani
College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Mr. Mukesh Kumar Singh
College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAVS-V3/article/view/1580

Consumers’ Attitude towards Oyster Consumption in Ghana | Chapter 3 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 9

In recent years, the role of attitudes and expectations in shaping policy and, eventually, the supply and demand for seafood (including oyster) by both commodity and source has gotten a lot of attention. Oysters are rich in essential vitamins and minerals including protein, omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, zinc, iron, and vitamins B and E, and pose no risk to human cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to see how Ghanaian consumers felt about eating mangrove oysters. A total of 160 people were surveyed in Bortianor, Tetegu, Tsokome, and Tsokome. Faana is a fictional character. The results revealed that every single person polled (100%) had eaten an oyster before and enjoyed it. A higher percentage of people preferred oysters because of their saltiness (71.4%), colour (75.0%), odour (67.9%), flavour (92.9%), juicyness (92.9%), freshness (92.9%), and texture (92.9%). (85.7 percent ). The majority of respondents bought oyster meat on a daily basis (35.7%), ate it daily (39.3%), bought it steamed (64.5%), and even consumed it steamed (35.7 percent ). A higher percentage of those who eat oyster meat do so at home (92.9%) and use it to prepare the main course. stews and soups account for 85.7 percent of all meals. Finally, oyster consumption is widespread in the societies studied. This necessitates the expansion of oyster operations in the selected and other coastal communities in order to supplement household protein intake and address nutrition issues in fishing communities and Ghana as a whole.

Author (s) Details
 
Agbekpornu Hayford
Fisheries Commission, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Ghana.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V9/issue/view/56

Investigation of the Anatomical Variability of the Trunk and Root Tissues of Rhizophora racemosa (G. Mey) and Avicennia germinans (Linné): A Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and Pollution Effects on Mangrove Trees Study | Chapter 9 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 2

 Aim: To assess the anatomical heterogeneity between R's wood tissues. A. and Racemosa. Germinans and to monitor the effect of the contamination of metal trace elements (MTE) on the chemical composition and the natural longevity of these mangroves in Gabon. Style of the Research: For this study, laboratory-experiment design was used. Study position and duration: Fresh roots and trunks of R. A. and Racemosa. Germinans have been obtained at Libreville's non-polluted sites of the Oveng and Ayémé Coastal mangroves. Wood samples from contaminated MTE were collected at Libreville's Alénakiri public discharge mangrove. The research was performed at LaReVa Bois in Gabon and LERMAB at the University of Lorraine in France from March 2015 to July 2020. Methodology: After microtome cutting and optic microscopy study, the vessel and sclerous cell diameter (μm) and their corresponding number / mm2 were determined. After accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), the extractive material was obtained and MTE was detected by scanning electronic microscopy ( SEM) coupled with EDS and X-ray microanalysis. Gas chromatography coupled mass spectroscopy (GC-M) has determined the chemical composition of organic compounds. Based on the mass loss of samples exposed to the white rot-fungus (T. versicolor) and the brown rot-fungus (P. placenta), the natural toughness of the wood was monitored. Results: It has been discovered that A. In cell number / mm2, germinan roots were less abundant than their trunk, which had the highest cell diameter. R. The racemose roots and trunk showed no substantial difference between the number of their cells. The trunk of that mangrove tree, however, showed the greatest diameter of cells and rather traumatic channels. Between their trunk vessel diameters, some interspecies variability was established. However, substantial variations were found in the number / mm2 of their vessels; A. In vessels, the germinan trunk was richer compared to R. Racemosa. Racemosa In vessels, the roots of the latter were more concentrated and showed the highest cell diameters. Within R, large parenchyma bands and sclerous cells were absent. Racemosa because they became wealthier in A. The germinans of the trunk and roots. In the highest heavy metals bio-remediation of Avicenniaceae than Rhizophoraceae, the occurrence of those anatomical structures which store substances was thought to function. Wood from A. Metallic trace element (MTE) contamination exposed germinants have not demonstrated significant chemical improvements in low molecular weight fatty acids and polar molecular content.

Author(s) Details


S. B. Mabicka Iwangou
Laboratoire de Recherche et de Valorisation du Matériau Bois (LaReVa Bois), Ecole Normale Supérieure d’Enseignement Technique (ENSET), BP. 3989, Libreville, Gabon and Université de Lorraine, Inra, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies Boulevard des Aiguillettes BP 70239. 54506 Vandœuvre lès Nancy Cedex-France.

P. Soulounganga
Laboratoire de Recherche et de Valorisation du Matériau Bois (LaReVa Bois), Ecole Normale Supérieure d’Enseignement Technique (ENSET), BP. 3989, Libreville, Gabon and Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure, BP 17009, Libreville, Gabon.

A. Besserer
Université de Lorraine, Inra, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies Boulevard des Aiguillettes BP 70239. 54506 Vandœuvre lès Nancy Cedex-France.

R. Safou Tchiama
Laboratoire de Recherche et de Valorisation du Matériau Bois (LaReVa Bois), Ecole Normale Supérieure d’Enseignement Technique (ENSET), BP. 3989, Libreville, Gabon and Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et de Synthèses Organométalliques, Unité de Recherche en Chimie (URChi), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, BP. 941, Franceville, Gabon.

C. Ndoutoume
Laboratoire de Recherche et de Valorisation du Matériau Bois (LaReVa Bois), Ecole Normale Supérieure d’Enseignement Technique (ENSET), BP. 3989, Libreville, Gabon.

T. Andzi Barhé
Laboratoire de Recherche et de Valorisation du Matériau Bois (LaReVa Bois), Ecole Normale Supérieure d’Enseignement Technique (ENSET), BP. 3989, Libreville, Gabon and Laboratoire de Recherche en Chimie Appliquée (LARCA), Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo.

P. Gerardin
Université de Lorraine, Inra, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies Boulevard des Aiguillettes BP 70239. 54506 Vandœuvre lès Nancy Cedex-France.


View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/302