A Review of Sars-Cov-2 Pharmacotherapy | Chapter 18 | Clinical Manifestations of Covid-19: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach

 

The Coronavirus viral disease 2019 (COVID-19) is arguably the most important medical and public health challenge of the current decade. This has resulted in tens of millions of deaths and disturbed socio-economic lives across the globe.  Clinicians and scientists have been assessing many potential anti-virals for effective control of SARS-CoV-2. Many drugs have been repurposed and granted emergency authorization for use in the treatment of COVID-19 cases. Some of the drugs that have been assessed include Remdesivir, Ribavirine, Favipiravir, Lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, biologics and the anti-parasitic ivermectin. Dexamethasone significantly cut mortality among severe and critical SARS-CoV-2 cases. There were no clinical benefits with the use of hydroxychloroquine and Lopinavir/ritonavir in the RECOVERY Trials. Early observational studies and a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in Nigeria demonstrated the possibility of the efficacy of ivermectin in the treatment of SARSCoV-2. Overall, effective and efficient pharmacotherapeutic interventions will be important in achieving SARS-CoV-2 control. There is also evidence that the COVID-19 vaccine was effective in curtailing the effects of the pandemic. Different generic vaccines available are DNA vaccine, mRNA vaccine, and non-replicating viral vector vaccines

 

Author(s) Details:

 

Olumuyiwa Elijah Ariyo
Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State/Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria.

 

Joshua Gini
Stroke Medicine United Lincolnshire Hospital, Lincoln County Hospital, United Kingdom.

 

Oladipo Vincent Akinmade
USAID Integrated Health Program Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

 

Ugochukwu Anthony Eze
Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria and Honorary Supervisor University of Edinburgh Masters of Surgery Program in Clinical Ophthalmology, United Kingdom

 

Please see the book here:  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-973195-5-6/CH18

Analytical Method Development and Validation of Simultaneous Estimation of Ivermectin and Albendazole Byusing RP-HPLC | Chapter 6 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 7

 A new arrangement was established for concurrent estimation of Ivermectin and Albendazole by RP-HPLC method. The chromatographic environments were successfully grown for the separation of Ivermectin and Albendazole by utilizing ACE C18 column (4.6×150 mm) 5µ, flow rate was 1.2 ml/min, travelling phase percentage was (70:30 v/v) methanol: Phosphate safeguard pH 3 (pH was adjusted with ortho phosphoricacid), discovery wavelength was 240 nm. The means used was WATERS HPLC Auto Sampler, Separation piece 2690, photodiode array detector 996, Empower-software variant-2. The retention periods were found expected 2.344 mins and 3.284 mins. The % purity of Ivermectin and Albendazole was found expected 101.27% and 99.97% respectively. The system rightness parameters for Ivermectin and Albendazole such as hypothetical plates and tailing determinant were found expected 4668, 1.3 and 6089 and 1.2, the resolution was found expected 6.0. The analytical means was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines (ICH, Q2 (R1)). The linearity study n Ivermectin and Albendazole was in the direction of concentration range of 50 µg-250 µg and 5µg-50µg and equivalence coefficient (r2) was erect to be 0.999 and 0.999, % recovery was erect to be 99.56% and 99.48%, % RSD for repeatability was0.2 and 0.2, % RSD for middle precision was 0.2 and 0.1respectively. The accuracy study was precise, robust, and repeatable.  LOD profit was 3.17 and 5.68, and LOQ value was 0.0172 and 0.2125 individually. Hence the suggested RP-HPLC pattern can be used for routine reasoning of Ivermectin and Albendazole in API and Pharmaceutical dosage form.

Author(s) Details:

Meruva Sathish Kumar,
MNR College of Pharmacy, Fasalwadi, Sangareddy, India.

Phani Deepika Polampalli,
MNR College of Pharmacy, Fasalwadi, Sangareddy, India.

Bandi Narendar,
MNR College of Pharmacy, Fasalwadi, Sangareddy, India.

S. Siva Prasad,
MNR College of Pharmacy, Fasalwadi, Sangareddy, India.

Rasapally Ramesh Kumar,
MLR College of Pharmacy, Dundigal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V7/article/view/11964

Development of Multivariate Calibration Technique for the Spectrophotometric Quantification of Ivermectin in Pharmaceutical Formulation | Chapter 2 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol.1

 The goal of this abstract is to quantify ivermectin in pharmaceutical dosage form using a multivariate calibration technique.

Methods: To correlate the relationship between concentration and absorbance at seven different wavelengths, the multivariate calibration technique uses linear regression equations. Ivermectin's _max was discovered to be 245 nm. The data was analysed statistically. By removing oscillations induced by instrumental or experimental settings, this statistical technique produces the best findings. The created approach was validated using ICH guidelines and found to be simple, linear, accurate, precise, and repeatable. Over a concentration range of 5-15g/mL, the approach was shown to be linear, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of roughly 0.9998. The detection and quantification limits, respectively, were found to be 0.029 and 0.087g/mL. The percentage relative standard deviations for intraday and interday precision were found to be 0.473-1.373 and 0.301-1.617, respectively. The percentage recovery was determined to be between 97.60 and 101.80% w/w.

Conclusion: A simple, linear, precise, accurate, sensitive, and repeatable multivariate calibration technique for the quantification of ivermectin in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation has been devised and verified, according to the findings.

Author(s) Details:

J. Kavitha,
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India.


K. S. Lakshmi,
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V1/article/view/6233

Ivermectin in Mild COVID-19: Panoramic Evaluation of the Evidence | Chapter 14 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.9

 The COVID-19 pandemic is still a big global threat, with high death already reported in many nations. Despite the critical need for a proven therapy option, the treatment choices for COVID-19 remain unknown. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been tested with a variety of repurposed drugs. Ivermectin, an antiparasitic with antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, has also been used to treat moderate COVID-19 infections. Its use has been approved by many national and international guidelines. The cumulative evidence from subsequent clinical trials, on the other hand, has revealed no meaningful clinical advantages. Non-target species such as insects and other environmental matrices may be exposed to ecotoxicological consequences if a portion of the ivermectin administered is excreted unchanged in the faeces and ends up in the soil. Despite this, Ivermectin is often used and should be avoided because evidence from several clinical trials does not support its usage, and dose discrepancies may be to blame for the lack of solid clinical efficacy.

Author(s) Details:

Ajay Kumar Shukla,
AIIMS, Bhopal, India.

Saurav Misra,
KCGMC, Karnal, India.


Shubham Atal,
AIIMS, Bhopal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V9/article/view/5974