Determination of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Measurement of Fetal Adrenal Gland and Maternal Serum Fructosamine Level in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study | Chapter 13 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

This branch evaluate the correlation 'tween fetal adrenal gland size and capacity observed utilizing two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound measurement in transverse, crown, and sagittal planes and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound calculation using virtual means computer-supported analysis (VOCAL) software and motherly serum fructosamine levels in GDM patients. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has an affect fetal adrenal gland size and capacity, which are greater in girls with GDM distinguished to those without. This prospective comrade study was performed at GDM clinic in Ramathibodi clinic, Mahidol University from January to December 2019. The foetal zone and overall adrenal gland volume in 3D ultrasonography were evaluated using the in essence organ computer-helped analysis (VOCAL) software. Up just before birth, all subjects were listened. The link between foetal adrenal gland ultrasonography measures and the relevant limits was investigated utilizing Pearson's correlation analysis.The study included sixty-six (82.5%) pregnant women accompanying diet-controlled GDM (GDMA1) and 14 (17.5%) with insulin-trained GDM (GDMA2). There was no difference in before birth adrenal gland measurements between the groups. In addition, all members achieved optimal sweet substance levels at the time of ultrasound acquisition.  The judgments of this study display that fetal adrenal gland measurements utilizing 2D and 3D ultrasonography in the third trimester can be visualized and calculated adequately in 96.4%. The total adrenal gland length and before birth zone volume are compared with EFW, motherly fructosamine, and HbA1c levels in well-controlled GDM. The total adrenal gland length and before birth zone volume had statistically meaningful positive correlations accompanying EFW (r = 0.69, p = 0.02 and r = 0.84, p = 0.01, respectively). After regulating for EFW, the relationships of total adrenal gland length accompanying fructosamine levels (adjusted-OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.7) and HbA1c levels (adjusted-OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.6) were statistically important (p < 0.05). Likewise, the relationship between before birth zone volume accompanying fructosamine levels (adjusted-OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.9) and HbA1c levels (regulated-OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.6, 4.3) were statistically significant (p < 0.05).The study also found a correlation between EFW, fructosamine levels, and HbA1c levels and total adrenal gland time and foetal zone volume. These non-obtrusive methods maybe useful for GDM patients as glycemic listening indirect markers.

Author(s) Details:

Saowapak Junhasavasdikul,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Panyu Panburana,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Sommart Bumrungphuet,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Wirada Dulyaphat,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V7/article/view/11668

Determination of Iron Levels Increased in Serum from Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Mothers in Coastal Area of Andhra Pradesh, India | Chapter 24 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 The increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality has been linked to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM affects about 7% of all pregnancies in the United States. It is critical to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus in order to identify both children at risk of unfavourable outcomes and women at risk of diabetes later in life. The goal of this study was to see if there was a link between serum iron, phosphorous, and haemoglobin levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus who had carbohydrate tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: A total of 100 pregnant women between the ages of 24 and 28 weeks were screened for glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus. Fasting glucose, post-load glucose, serum iron, serum phosphorous, and haemoglobin were all measured in all 100 pregnant women in this study. The study was conducted in partnership with the biochemistry department of the OBG department.

In this investigation, the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus was discovered to be 8%. Both fasting and post-serum glucose levels are excessively high in women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus have a greater serum iron level, which is connected to carbohydrate tolerance, according to our findings. However, there was no relationship between phosphorus and haemoglobin levels in GDM moms.

In the current study, elevated serum iron levels were observed to be associated to the development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Phosphorus and haemoglobin concentrations in the blood have not altered considerably.

Author(S) Details

Prasad D. K. V.
NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Sangivalasa-531162, India.

Kiranmai Ch
NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Sangivalasa-531162, India.

Prabhavathi V.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences,Sangivalasa-531162, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V4/article/view/6457

A Review of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Ademolus Classification of Hypogly| Chapter 5| Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 11

Hyperglycemia found at any stage during pregnancy should be classed as diabetes mellitus in pregnancy or gestational diabetes mellitus, according to the World Health Organization. Women with diabetes and women with intermediate hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) as described in non-pregnant individuals are included in current definitions of gestational diabetes. The use of insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus is recommended at a category B level, whereas the use of an oral hypoglycemic medication is recommended at a category C level. The risk of hypoglycemia in both the mother and the foetus is the same regardless of whether glucose lowering drug is taken, whether injectable or oral. This feature is what makes the Ademolus Classification of Hypoglycaemia (ACH) a useful tool in evaluating hypoglycemia complicating the management of gestational diabetes mellitus. It's worth noting that outcomes from research on maternal hypoglycemia varied, owing in part to discrepancies in hypoglycemia definitions. This is one of the knowledge gaps and disputes that Ademolus Classification of Hypoglycemia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management Complication will help to address. It will assist to unify the concept of hypoglycemia regardless of race and allow for objective data comparison. ACH will make continuous glucose monitoring interpretation easier. The more we use ACH, the more we will notice gaps in our existing knowledge, gain insight into hypoglycemia complicating gestational diabetes mellitus, and become more scientifically knowledgeable, as it will open up a new path of scientific understanding of fetomaternal pathophysiology for the benefit of mankind.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Adegbenga B. Ademolu
Medicine Department, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V11/article/view/2498

Evaluation of the Metabolic Parameters in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus after Delivery: A Comparative Study | Chapter 5 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

 The majority of women with GDM have clinical signs and symptoms that indicate a type 2 diabetes risk (T2D). T2D can be prevented or delayed, according to current data, by making significant lifestyle changes and taking drugs, particularly those that reduce insulin resistance. The obligatory clinical care step in the postpartum period is a glucose tolerance test to diagnose diabetes or assess diabetes risk. All patients should be closely monitored for signs of progressive -cell degeneration, such as rising glycemia. For this, a combination of fasting glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin tests is recommended. Monitoring should be done at least once a year. If glycemia is rising and/or impaired, this should be done on a regular basis. To reduce the risk of T2D, lifestyle changes are recommended. Breastfeeding is also very important for the infant's substantial short- and long-term health benefits; encouraging and assisting breastfeeding mothers lowers the risk of later obesity and glucose intolerance.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Seema Singh
Department of Physiology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India.

Dr. Nitin Ranjan Gupta
Department of Internal Medicine, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences and Research. Ataria, Mau, Sitapur, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V9/article/view/2239

Comparison between a Single Glucose Challenge Test Procedure and Conventional 2 Hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus | Chapter 5 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 Background: GDM is very common in India, with an estimated frequency of 8-17 percent. As a result, glucose intolerance screening is required to protect both the mother and the kid from negative long-term repercussions. If a significant section of the population develops abnormal glucose tolerance, this is cause for concern. As a result, women with GDM are a good candidate for diabetes prevention.

The purpose of the study was to see how well a single glucose challenge test compared to a typical two-hour oral glucose tolerance test for detecting GDM.

Methods and Materials: This was a one-year prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Govt. Medical College, Jammu's Obstetric & Gynecology department from November 2010 to October 2011.

Out of a total of 460 pregnant women, 334 volunteered to participate in the study. Out of a total of 334 pregnant women, 200 completed the survey. Subjects between 16 and 32 weeks of pregnancy were tested for GDM using a Single Glucose Challenge Test followed by a traditional 2hr Oral Glucose Tolerance Test three days later.

Conclusion: The current study shows that administering 75 gm GCT to pregnant women is a simple, cost-effective, and time-saving medication. As a result, in a country with limited resources but a need for universal screening, this one-step methodology doubles as a screening and diagnostic tool.

Author (S) Details

Vinod Kumar
GMC Doda, JK, India.

Kavita Sharma
JK Health Services, JK, India.

Ritu Bhagat
Demonstrator Pathology GMC Jammu, JK, India.

Ahmar Javid
GMC Doda, JK, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V7/article/view/2033