Impacts of Land Tenure Access and Use on Agricultural and Non-agricultural Resources in Rural and Peri-urban Areas in South-East Sierra Leone | Chapter 4 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 4

 

Examining the dynamics of land tenure and agricultural and non-agricultural resources in rural and peri-urban areas remains a grey area in the scientific discourse. To fill this knowledge gap using a case study in south-east Sierra Leone, qualitative data were acquired through key informant interviews and focus group discussions, whilst quantitative data were acquired through administering semi-structured questionnaires to 342 household heads who had resided in the study areas over the past three decades. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 26) was used for data analysis, and logistic regression and chi-square statistics were used to answer some key research questions.  The findings revealed that land is mainly acquired by inheritance in rural areas, whilst in peri-urban areas, it is mainly by purchase. Family members can have access to land with the concurrence of the household head. Rice cultivated area is decreasing alongside an increase in cocoa and oil palm cultivated area, and this is attributable to the increase in access to land for cash crop production by native and non-native investors. With changes in land use, households now travel longer distances to access non-agricultural resources. There is a significant relationship between access to land, control over land, and the location of land, with crop production. An increase in access and control over land, and the location of land in a rural area, increases crop production. However, other variables like the size of land and the use of land demonstrated no significant relationship with crop production. Our findings provide insights that would benefit land use planning in an era of increasing population and land demand.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Morrison K. Lahai
Institute of Geography and Development Studies, Njala University, Sierra Leone.

 

Lamin R. Mansaray
Institute of Geography and Development Studies, Njala University, Sierra Leone.

 

Victor T.S. Kabba
Institute of Geography and Development Studies, Njala University, Sierra Leone.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v4/6569

 

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Crop Production in Katsina State, Nigeria | Chapter 5 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 

Aims: The present study aimed to assess the impact of climate change on crop production in Katsina State, Nigeria.

Background: Climate change impacts food sufficiency and livelihoods thereby frightening and touching millions of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the states in the northern part of the country that were acknowledged to be the major food producers of Nigeria, faced the aforementioned climatic threats, which made them vulnerable and highly susceptible to climate change that became a menace to the nation's food security.

Methodology: This research adopted a cross-sectional survey design and the data for the study were collected using a questionnaire to the respondents. Data was gathered via questionnaires administered to farmers,’ employing Village and Block Extension Agents as enumerators. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed. The first stage involved classifying the state into three ecological zones. The second stage comprises a random selection of three villages from each 34 LGAs to give 102 villages. The third stage was accomplished, based on the lists of farmers, 26,589 frames, obtained from Katsina State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority, twelve thousand farmers were selected proportionately for the study, using a systematic random sampling technique.

Results: The results indicated that male and youthful age dominate production, respectively. A large proportion fall within formal to post-primary education and, more than two-thirds had no extension contact and the highest obtained income from #300,001- #450,000. The findings on the impact of climate change on crop production showed that 648,300 hectares of cultivated land and 633,950 tons of crops were lost. The analysis further unveiled that among the three ecological zones of the state, Sahel Savannah had the most devastating effect of losses, at both cultivated land of 292,200 hectares and crop yield of 267,100 tons. More so, the result portrayed that amongst the assorted crops produced in the area, millet, groundnut, cowpea, and sorghum were the major crops affected by climate change scourge.

Conclusion: It is imperative to take immediate action to prevent climate change since it is a serious threat with increasingly catastrophic manifestations. It is advised that farmers learn about the effects of climate change on agricultural output and that research facilities produce more seeds that are situation-specific. To enable early planning by other stakeholders, the government should guarantee reliable climate estimation. Farmers need to be educated by the extension agents on the need to abide by recommended practices in climate resilience agronomic practices and other mitigation means of curtailing the danger posed by climate change. Efforts should be intensified on dry season farming by building more irrigation infrastructure to complement wet season production.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Abba Yakubu Abdullah
Aquagric Ltd., No. 1 KTARDA Headquarter Kano Road Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria.

 

Tijjani Abu Rimi
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Federal University, Dustinma, 5001, Katsina State, Nigeria.

 

Mohammed Saidu Mohammed
Katsina State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority, Headquarter Kano Road Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/racas/v8/8617E

Organo-mineral Complex Improved with Aspergillus niger and Penicillum chrysogenum on the Growth of Solanum lycopersicum | Chapter 4 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 6

 The healthful growth of Solanum lycopersicum (attractive woman) in the intensive sophistication system causes loss of soil output. A useful alternative is the use of an organo-mineral complex, named REGENA MIN-LH 15® The purpose of this work search out analyze the response of S. lycopersicum in weak soil treated accompanying REGENA MIN-LH 15® improved accompanying A. niger and P. chrysogenum. There, disinfected and undisinfected S. lycopersicum seeds were planted, with the only response changing: biomass at seedling and blooming, the experimental dossier were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey (P ≤  0.05). The results accompanied rapid pregnancy when the S. lycopersicum seed that was disinfected was sown in soil weak in nitrogen and phosphorus discussed with REGENA MIN-LH 15® plus A. niger and P. chrysogenum in accordance with fresh/dry burden to seedling and flowering: the disinfected beginning recorded 0.467 g of occurring in the air dry weight (ADW) and 0.060 g of radical dry burden (RDW), numerical principles with statistical distinctness compared to the 0.436 g of ADW and the 0.039 g of RDW of the source disinfected from S. lycopersicum fed only accompanying a 100% mineral resolution (relative control) without REGENA MIN-LH 15® or A. niger/P. chrysogenum. These results support that REGENA MIN-LH 15® accompanying A. niger and P. chrysogenum can be an option for the renovation of the chemical characteristics associated with the output of an agricultural soil, outside compromising the healthy tumor of S. lycopersicum.

Author(s) Details:

Juan Luis Ignacio-De la Cruz,
Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Chemical-Biological Research Institute, University Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Calle F J Mujica S/N, Col Felicitas del Rio, CP 58,000, Morelia, Michoacan, México.

Blanca Celeste Saucedo-Martínez,
Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Chemical-Biological Research Institute, University Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Calle F J Mujica S/N, Col Felicitas del Rio, CP 58,000, Morelia, Michoacan, México.

Juan Manuel Sánchez-Yáñez,
Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Chemical-Biological Research Institute, University Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Calle F J Mujica S/N, Col Felicitas del Rio, CP 58,000, Morelia, Michoacan, México.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V6/article/view/10921

The Role of Nanomaterials in Plant Production and Fortification for Food and Nutrition Security | Chapter 03 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 4

 In the face of global climate change, meeting worldwide demand for adequate, healthy, and stable food supplies for a growing human population is becoming a challenge. As a result, there is a growing commitment to meet the food demands of the predicted 653 million people who will be malnourished by 2030 by implementing "smart" agricultural production technology. Synthetic agrochemical manufacturing techniques and usage have been shown to have harmful effects on the environment, ecological systems, and the health and well-being of all life forms. Nanotechnology has been heralded as one of the most promising new technologies for achieving food and nutrition security. As a result, using nanomaterials with an exterior size range of 1 to 100 nm to enhance crop yield has been advocated as a way to make precise pesticide distribution at the right rates easier. Application of nanotechnology in agricultural production, processing, packaging, and food biofortification is thus a possible solution to these difficulties. Nanotechnology builds nanoparticles with broad but precise uses by combining biotechnology, biological, chemistry, and material engineering principles. Its proper application will significantly boost plant productivity as well as postharvest quality and shelf life. Nanomaterials can provide issues in terms of phytotoxicity, environmental and ecological integrity, and human health and well-being, despite their many benefits and future potential. This paper examines the current state of food and nutrition security, the notion of nanotechnology, and the possible application of nanomaterials in agriculture to boost crop productivity while also improving nutrition and dietary advantages. It also looks at the mechanisms of action of some of the most important nanomaterials, as well as their recent applications in plant science. Researchers, policymakers, and governments' perceptions of nanotechnology were also examined.

Author(S) Details

Lord Abbey
Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Chigozie Okoli
Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada.

Deshaun Martin-Clarke
Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Northern Caribbean University, 1 Manchester Road, Mandeville, Manchester, Jamaica.

Mercy Ijenyo
Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Joel Abbey
Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Kenneth Anku
Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Raphael Ofoe
Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Adedayo Leke-Aladekoba
Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Lokanadha Rao Gunupuru
Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada

Ekene Mark-Anthony Iheshiulo
Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of ALES, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada.

Josephine Ampofo
Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.

Pretious Anetey Abbey
Health Department, The Regional Municipality of Durham, 605 Rossland Road East, Whitby, Ontario, L1N 6A3, Canada.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V4/article/view/6402

Importance of Root-Shoot Ratio for Crops Production: A Review | Chapter 4 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

 The root is essential for nutrition absorption, water retention, agricultural production, and stress tolerance. Unlike some partial issues, the trait "root: shoot" ratio is a problem of plant integrity, in which each species, crop, or variety has a unique original solution. The step-by-step analysis of the root system at various growth and developmental stages is critical. Over 500 scientific studies on this "ratio feature" were analysed step by step, with the goal of extrapolating the basic general trend regarding the importance of this ratio in plant production. Given the variety of crops, varieties, and growth stages, an attempt has been made to capture the basic general trend of importance and application of this feature. For these reasons, despite the uncommon unconventionally, little unscientific approach to the problem in the text, quotations are not included. A detailed examination of a single species, crop, or variation is a whole other scenario. The root: shoot ratio is another key basic feature that can be used to determine overall plant health, complex overall physiological levels, and genotype health. It's crucial to look at how the root:shoot ratio changes during the vegetative period in connection to other plant features to gain a sense of how this ratio affects metabolic processes, growth, and development.

During the vegetative period, the growth rates of roots and shoots react to changing environmental conditions and the plant's "genetic programme" for growth and development. Fertilization and irrigation, for example, can have a significant impact. If this ratio is high, there is a good chance that the plant will be able to take more nutrients from the soil, which will aid to enhance above-ground biomass and, most likely, resistance to stress (drought conditions, low level of nutrients in the soil).

Author (S) Details

Ladislav Bláha

Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V1/article/view/3882

Advanced Study on Variability in Length of Rainy Season for Selected Crops Production in Coastal and Upland Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria | Chapter 8 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 The antifungal activity of extracts of Oxalis barrelieri and Cymbopogon citratus against Bipolaris oryzae and Fusarium moniliforme was tested, and seed treatment with NaCl was used to improve seed germination and seedling vigour of treated rice seeds. The inhibitory effect of plant extracts against B. oryzae and F. moniliforme was based on the type of extract and concentration. The ethanolic extract of C. citratus at 10000 ppm had the strongest inhibitory effect, inhibiting F. moniliforme and B. oryzae development by 58.51 percent and 55.9 percent, respectively. Rice seeds that had been sorted in a 20 percent NaCl solution had a higher mass (quantify), a germination percentage of 13 percent higher than seeds sorted in water and 20 percent higher than seeds that were not sorted. The weight of rice seeds was found to have a moderately positive and important linear relationship (Rho (78) = 0.427 **, p0.01) with germination. Rice seed germination was stimulated similarly by ethanol extracts of O. barrelieri and C. citratus in green house trials, with 15- 22 percent from the top of paper method and 11-16 percent from the sand method. Rice seed treatments at 1% concentration had the best germination/emergence and decreased B. oryzae and F. moniliforme seed infestation by 25.25 percent and 9.83 percent, respectively. Plants are used to treat stressed seeds. When compared to untreated stressed seed, extracts showed a less pronounced (5%) decrease in germination (26 percent ). Only the associations between germination and F. moniliforme infestation (r (54) = -0.441**, p 0.01) and emergence and F. moniliforme infestation (r (54) = -0.426**, p 0.01) were moderately and statistically important. Rice seeds treated with 20 percent NaCl and/or 1 percent ethanol extracts of Oxalis barrelieri and Cymbopogon citratus showed promise as a green alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling rice seed-borne infestation, improving seedling vigour, and increasing seed germination and emergence for successful seedling field establishment.

Author (s) Details

A. I. Isaiah
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Dr. A. M. Yamusa
Meteorological Unit, Department of Soil Science, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

A. C. Odunze
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V6/issue/view/59