Optimising Depot Storage and Distribution Efficiency through Matching Gasoline Supply to Demand | Chapter 3 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 11

 

The primary aim of the study is to optimise depot storage capacity and performance by aligning gasoline supply with distribution requirements. This study was conducted for one of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (refiner) depots supplied by a multi-product (gasoline, diesel and kerosene) pipeline. The depot is supplied by a six-inch multi-product (gasoline, diesel and kerosene) pipeline at 82 m3/hour and loading/distribution of 100 m3/hour per arm inside the depot.

 

The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, a refiner, owns and operates a petroleum products pipeline network connected to its 21 storage depots across Nigeria. These storage depots are supplied by a multi-product (gasoline, diesel and kerosene) pipeline network. Since the early 1990s, as gasoline demand increased, the entire supply/distribution chain appeared inadequate. The primary aim of the study is to optimise depot storage capacity and performance by aligning gasoline supply with distribution requirements. This study was conducted for one of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (refiner) depots supplied by a multi-product (gasoline, diesel and kerosene) pipeline. The depot is supplied by a six-inch multi-product (gasoline, diesel and kerosene) pipeline at 82 m3/hour and loading/distribution of 100 m3/hour per arm inside the depot. Distribution/loading facility designed for two arms each for gasoline, kerosene and diesel (or 33.33% for each product), whereas gasoline storage capacity is 55%, diesel, 33%, kerosene 11%, and slops, 1% of the total depot capacity. The design supply to distribution chain capacity ratio showed a mismatch, which in actual operation becomes 2:1. The above design created a ullage problem at sustained supplies, gross under-utilisation of supply chain infrastructures and poor operational performance. After a technical evaluation, a section of the depot storage to loading pipeline network was re-designed and modified to enable product supply capacity to match loading, and minimise storage. Hence, the gasoline loading became 66.67%, kerosene and diesel, each of 16.67%, increasing the actual supply to distribution chain capacity ratio from 2:1 to 2:2 (and when required, can be maximised to 2:3), thereby correcting the apparent mismatch between the supply and distribution chain capacities. Findings showed significant improvement in pipeline transportation scheduling, depot stock and overall product distribution. The modification has enabled the refiner to increase depot and upstream supply chain utilisation.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Eric Obiora Okeke
Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, PMB 5373, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v11/6218

Generalized Peukert Equation for Estimating the Remaining Capacity of Nickel–Metal Hydride Batteries | Chapter 1 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

 This study proposed to improve the Peukert equation because it can be secondhand for the nickel–metal hydride batteries at some temperature and discharge current. Batteries of differing electrochemical systems are used in many mechanics devices, instruments and airplanes. For the operation of any mechanics object containing batteries, it is very important to experience the residual volume of the batteries because the operation du-ration of all technical object depends on the leftover capacity of the batteries. In this paper, it is experimentally showed that the generalized Peukert equating C(i,T) = Cm(T)/(1 + (i/i0(T))n(T)) is applicable to nickel–hardware hydride batteries at any discharge currents, while the classical Peukert equating can be secondhand only in a limited range of the discharge currents (approximately from 0.3 Cn to 3 Cn). In addition, the simple Peikert equation does not allow for possibility the influence of the temperature of a battery on allure released ability. It is also proven that for the smaller currency in exchange for larger–metal hydride batteries, the generalized Peukert equating heavily depends on artillery temperature (via the limits Cm(T), i0(T) and n(T)).The physical importance of the generalised Peukert equation's parameters' hotness dependencies is also settled. Any discharge current and battery hotness can be used accompanying the obtained generalised Peukert equating, which takes the batteries' temperature into report. For standby capacity of communication systems in photovoltaic structures, electric vehicles, etc., coat with metallic material-metal hydride batteries are commonly used. Because they are thought expected more environmentally friendly than coat with metallic material-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries demand accurate computation models. Many battery models employ the Peukert equating.

Author(s) Details:

Nataliya N. Yazvinskaya,
Laboratory of Electrochemical and Hydrogen Energy, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V2/article/view/10655

Analysis of Capacity Building of Small, Micro and Medium Farming Enterprises (SMMEs) In South Africa | Chapter 4 | Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 4

 In this item, it was found that ability needs for farming SMMEs can bereliably predictedby using the key gain factors. In forecasting the performance of these enterprises, the use of two together key success determinants and SSWFOT analysis seems to specify reliable and correct estimates of the capacity necessities for farming SMMEs. Small, micro, and medium-judge enterprises (SMMEs) have existed identified as a crucial clever priority for South African farming development, job invention, and food freedom. According to recent studies, these SMMEs are sidelined to function as legal business bodies in South Africa. The data was composed during focus sessions and plants. The survey instrument in the study made by self-completion questionnaire containing of 35 closed–ended items was working these questionnaires were administered to a sample of 105 agriculture SMMEs across the six (n=6) provinces of South Africa. According to the findings, key success signs like sustainable markets, recommendation supply, production, increased wage/cash flow, and trade operations must be developed orderly for small and calculating enterprises expected financially viable. Additionally, it was discovered that medium-judge businesses have better competency, and that in order to invigorate their capacity, the right interference may be needed.

Author(s) Details:

Victor Mmbengwa,
Department of Agricultural Economic and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, South Africa.

Xiaoshun Qin,
Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL), University of South Africa, South Africa and ACASA, Association of China-Africa Small-holder Agriculture, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTBEF-V4/article/view/10182

Peukert Generalized Equations Applicability with Due Consideration of Internal Resistance of Automotive-grade Lithium-ion Batteries for their Capacity Evaluation | Chapter 10 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 6

 In this paper, the relevance of the Peukert equation and allure generalizations was investigated for ability evaluation of the automotive-grade lithium-ion batteries. It is confirmed that the classical Peukert equating is applicable inside the range of the discharge currents from 0.2Cn to 2Cn (Cn is the nominal artillery capacity). As a rule, the operating currents of many automotive-grade lithium-ion batteries are accurately within this range of the discharge currents. That is reason, successfully, the chaste Peukert equation is secondhand in many analytical models grown for these batteries. The generalized Peukert equating C = Cm/(1+(i/i0)n) is applicable inside the discharge currents range from zero to nearly 10Cn. All kinds of the operating discharge currents (including two together very small one and powerful temporary bursts) fall into this discharge currents range. The changed Peukert equation C = Cm(1-i/i1)/((1-i/i1)+(i/i0)n) is appropriate at any discharge currents. This equating takes into account the batteries’ internal fighting and has the smallest wrong of the experimental dossier approximation. That is reason the discussed changed Peukert equation is most favored for use in analytical models of the automotive-grade lithium-ion batteries. The paper shows that all the limits of the generalized Peukert equatings have the clear electrochemical meaning opposite to the classical Peukert equating, where all the limits are just empirical limit.

Author(s) Details:

Nataliya N. Yazvinskaya,
Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Region, Russia.

Mikhail S. Lipkin,
Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University, 346428, Novocherkassk, Rostov region, Russia.

Nikolay E. Galushkin,
Laboratory of Electrochemical and Hydrogen Energy, Don State Technical University, 346500 Shakhty, Rostov Region, Russia.

Dmitriy N. Galushkin,
Laboratory of Electrochemical and Hydrogen Energy, Don State Technical University, 346500 Shakhty, Rostov Region, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V6/article/view/9876

Specificities of Ethical Consent in Patients with Impairment | Chapter 5 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 In new medicine, conversant consent is a moral and legal imperative. After snatching sufficient news from his doctor, the patient can decide on welcome own treatment. Doctors can provide therapies outside the patient's consent in some assets, such as sickness. Some situations, however, act the edge, like the patient described in this place research who had a moderate intellectual disability and declined to get an next intervention for an aortic dissection. In this instance, cardiologists and psychiatrists processed together to determine either the patient could supply his consent before deciding to respect welcome decision. The ward ethics committee backed the choice to not operate on him. The patronizing approach to the doctor-patient relationship is still common in Tunisia and different countries accompanying similar educational context. This essay examines righteous and legal issues while emphasize the need for universal ethical standard that apply to all sufferers from all backgrounds.

Author(s) Details:

Wafa Abdelghaffar,
Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia and Mental Health Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, Marsa, Tunisia.

Nadia Haloui,
Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia and Mental Health Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, Marsa, Tunisia.

Myriam Ines Bouzid,
Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia and Mental Health Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, Marsa, Tunisia.

Rym Rafrafi,
Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia and Mental Health Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, Marsa, Tunisia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V2/article/view/9614

The Out-of-Kilter Algorithm and Its Network Flow Implementations | Chapter 7 | Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 10

 D.R. Fulkerson [1] published the out-of-kilter algorithm, which computes the solution to the minimum-cost flow issue in a flow network. The Out-of-Kilter technique can be used to solve problems like the transportation problem, which can be described as a maximum flow and minimal cost – maximum flow problem. To begin, the algorithm creates an initial flow along the arcs and assigns a number to each of the network's nodes. See, for example, Bazaraa, which employs Complementary Slackness Optimality Conditions (CSOC). The method developed by Jarvis and Sherali [2] looks for out-of-kilter arcs (those that do not satisfy CSOC conditions). If there aren't any, the algorithm is finished. The flow must be increased or decreased to bring arcs that do not satisfy the CSOC theorem into alignment. According to the demand, the algorithm will hunt for a path that either enhances or decreases the flow. This is repeated until all of the arcs are aligned, at which time the procedure is finished. There is no conceivable flow if no paths to improve the system are found. The Out-of-Kilter algorithm is used to determine the best solution to any network flow problem. This comprises transit, assignment, and shortest path problems, among others. Computer solutions are presented using a Pascal programme and Matlab.

Author(s) Details

W. H. Moolman
Department of Mathematical Sciences and Computing, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TPMCS-V10/article/view/1077

Using Logistic Growth Model to Analyze Pig Pen Productivity | Chapter 15 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 1

There is no gainsaying that in Nigeria, particularly in the South-East region of the country, the pig pen is rapidly becoming a very lucrative farming method. Before anyone goes into it, this method of animal farming is very cost-effective and does not require much preparation, as pigs are a very unique breed of animals that can eat almost any type of food, and as compared to chicken poultry or fish poultry company, they do not fall sick easily. That was why this paper then explored how pig breeding could help fix environmental waste pollution, since much of the waste produced from the food we eat that would make the environment contaminated could be turned into feed for the pigs, which indirectly helps to address the problem of waste generation. This research uses the growth and decay model of logistics to examine the breeding process of pigs in a given area. Octave 4.2.1 was used to graph the population of the pig against time in years and to also control waste against the population of the pig. Over a certain proposed time, we then examined the growth pattern of the pigs in the pen. We came up with some policies from the study that sustain the pig population in the pen without having to over-shoot the pen's carrying capacity. It is appropriate for the government to come up with policies that would direct pig farmers on the number of pigs that would / should be in a given pen size. Since pig farming has the potential to make a positive contribution to Nigeria 's GDP, if the government truly focuses its resources on promoting it. In order to make the analysis a little more complicated, more research can be performed with stiffer restrictions, in order to add further enhancement to the current report.

Author(s) Details

Abang I. S. S.
National Centre for Technology Management, An Agency of the Federal Ministry of Science & Technology, PRODA Training Institute, Independence Layout, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Dr. O. N. Nze
National Centre for Technology Management, An Agency of the Federal Ministry of Science & Technology, PRODA Training Institute, Independence Layout, Enugu State, Nigeria.

O. A. Oriola
National Centre for Technology Management, An Agency of the Federal Ministry of Science & Technology, PRODA Training Institute, Independence Layout, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Dr. I. S. Amasiatu

National Centre for Technology Management, An Agency of the Federal Ministry of Science & Technology, PRODA Training Institute, Independence Layout, Enugu State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/308