Antibacterial Potential of Methanolic Extracts from Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leaves against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria | Chapter 8 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 4

With the increasing rate of antibiotic/multidrug resistance and the growing demand for plant-based therapies, Azadirachta indica (neem) emerges as one of the leading medicinal plants due to its wide range of compounds with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. This study analysed the A. indica leaf methanol extract for its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria using the agar diffusion assay with methanol extracts of varying concentrations (5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%) initially for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Later, methanol extracts with concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% were used for S. aureus and E. coli. Gentamicin was used as a positive control. The results indicated the antibacterial activity of the A. indica leaf methanol extract against all three bacteria, irrespective of the concentration used. However, compared to gentamicin, the antibacterial activity of A. indica was relatively lower. These findings indicate the potential of A. indica as a plant-based antibacterial agent, offering an alternative or complementary treatment strategy to combat antibiotic/multidrug resistance. Further clinical studies/trials on the leaf extract are required to ensure its safety for human use.

 

Author (s) Details

Neema Kumari
Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan-304022, India and Department of Microbiology, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Suraram, Hyderabad-500055, Telangana, India.

 

Niketa Jaiswal
Department of Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan-304022, India.

 

Mamta Sharma
Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan-304022, India.

 

Poonam
Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan-304022, India.

 

Pranjul Asthana
Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan-304022, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v4/3012

A Comparative Overview on Algal Inhibitory Efficiency of Secondary Metabolites of Tamarindus indica and Azadirachta indica | Chapter 3 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 8

 This member explores the potential of Tamarindus indica extract to restrict the proliferation of algae in an environmentally intimate way and equate its efficiency of restriction with Azadirachta indica leaf extract. Tamarindus indica is a curative plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. It has happened used as a curative plant for centuries; allure fruits being the most valuable part. This study accompanied that Tamarindus indica extracts effectively shy the growth of algae. The subordinate metabolites of Azadirachta indica are more effective than the subordinate metabolites of Tamarindus indica in reducing the growth of rootless, according to a approximate analysis of inhibitory efficacy 'tween the extracts of both plants. The noticed result suggests that product extract of Tamarindus indicacan be used as an alternative habit to prevent algal bloom.More effectiveness of inhibition of algal growth maybe achieved by weighing the secondary metabolites of Tamarindus indica and administering bureaucracy specifically.

Author(s) Details:

Mathews P. Raj,
Department of Life Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, India.

Anitha A. Abraham,
Department of Life Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, India.

Kasturi Banerjee,
Department of Life Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, India.

Mainak Chakrabarty,
Department of Life Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, India.

Lakshmi Sagar K.,
Department of Life Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V8/article/view/12488

Determination of Azadirachta indica (Neem) Seed Kernel Extract and Its Enzyme Responses in Zonocerus variegatus (Grasshopper): An In vitro Analytical Study | Chapter 12 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 9

 This member investigated the differing chemical compounds of Azadirachta indica beginning kernel, and evaluated judge the in-vitro effects on picked antioxidant and esterase enzymes of nymph and adult bug, Zonocerus variegatus. The plant product or unrefined products show an important function in diseases stop and treatment through the augmentation of antioxidant activity, restriction of bacterial growth, and modulation of historical pathways. The therapeutic cure role of any of plants in diseases administration is still being enthusiastically examined due to their less side effect and inexpensive properties. Azadirachta indica (Neem) has a complex of miscellaneous constituents containing nimbin, nimbidin, nimbolide, and limonoids, and such types of additives play role in diseases administration through modulation of miscellaneous genetic pathways and added activities. Azadirachta indica beginning kernel extract (AISKE) obtained from the children kernel, utilizing Soxhlet extraction, was commit Fourier-transform (FT-IR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy in addition to High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas chromatography- flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for synthetic elucidation.  Thirty nymph and adult insect (Zonocerus variegatus) were collected utilizing a sweeping net on a maize earth's surface in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to decide the in-vitro effects of AISKE on the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), carboxylesterase (CE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in spirit and adult grasshoppers, Zonocerus variegatus. The FT-IR data of AISKE tells seven peaks having wavenumbers 1457.4 cm-1, 1541.3 cm-1, 1647.5 cm-1, 1742.5 cm-1, 2853.3 cm-1, 2922.2 cm-1 and 3285.6 cm-1, while the UV Spectrum shows maximum assimilation between 207nm and 281nm wavelengths. The HPLC reasoning of AISKE reveals fourteen peaks, with memory times 0.413, 1.080, 1.226, 1.554, 1.657, 1.834, 2.182, 2.424, 3.838, 4.065, 5.069, 6.261, 6.634, 7.797 record. Investigation of the effects of AISKE, CYP and CPF on the in-vitro venture of catalase, the enzyme accompanied that the three agents considerably reduced the activity in the nymphet grasshopper, when in fact the activity was raised in adult grasshopper distinguished with control treatment. The CE exercise was significantly shortened by AISKE, CYP and CPF in the nymph, while the venture in adult was increased by AISKE merely concentrations. The AISKE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the AChE project in nymph and adult Z. variegatus as against CYP. It is decided that Azadirachta indica seed seed extract contains a sort of chemicals that can cause insecticidal belongings in Z. variegatus nymphs and adults through oxidative stress, decreased carboxylesterase venture, and cholinergic stress.

Author(s) Details:

Gbadebo E. Adeleke,
Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Olaniyi T. Adedosu,
Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Peter I. Adegbola,
Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Adebola O. Akintola,
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Itunuoluwa A. Ogunmola,
Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Opeyemi K. Omidiran,
Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V9/article/view/11209

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil and Their Transfer to Tissues of Azadirachta indica Collected from Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria | Chapter 6 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 Cadmium, cobalt, iron, lead, and zinc levels were measured in tissues (roots, leaves, and stems) of Azadirachta indica collected at various locations in Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria (Nigeria). The elements' transfer coefficients into plant tissues were also calculated in order to quantify differences in bioavailability among plant species. The tissues were acid-digested and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to study them. The following heavy metal amounts (ppm) were found in the plant's roots, leaves, and stems: Cd (0.14 – 0.34, 0.09 – 0.20, 0.09 – 0.33); Co (4.01 – 5.48, 3.22 – 5.14, 3.84 – 5.40); Fe (82.27–137.98, 49.20–160.10, 58.33–116.62); Pb (0.50–0.57, 0.33–0.97, 0.28–0.48); and Zn (52.07–149.94, 52.01–113.73, 49.58–127.05.) In all tissues studied, Fe has the highest concentration, while Cd has the lowest. The plant's stems had the lowest bioaccumulation of most metals tested, making them ideal for medicinal use. Pb Cd Zn Fe Co Pb Cd Zn Fe Co Pb Cd Zn Fe Co Pb Cd Zn Fe Co Pb Cd Zn Fe Co Pb Cd Zn Fe Co Pb Cd Zn Fe Co Pb Cd Zn Fe Co Pb Cd Zn Fe Co Pb Cd Zn Fe Co Pb Cd Zn Fe Co Pb Cd Zn Fe Co P Since plant absorption of heavy metals is a major source of human exposure via the food chain, vegetative sections of Azadirachta indica used for therapeutic purposes should be harvested well away from highways to minimize or eliminate health risks associated with heavy metal ingestion.

Author (s) Details

B. A. Falusi
Department of Chemistry, Federal College of Education (Special), P.M.B. 1089, Oyo, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V7/article/view/920

A Recent Study: Effect of Neem Leaf Extract and Neem Oil on Penicillium Growth, Sporulation, Morphology and Ochratoxin A Production | Chapter 11 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 1

 

In vitro trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of Azadirachta indica (neem) extracts on mycelial

growth, sporulation, morphology and ochratoxin A production by P. verrucosum and P.

brevicompactum. Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) (neem plant) extract is one of the most

important plant products which inhibit mycotoxin production. The effect of neem oil extract from seeds

and leaf was evaluated at 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5% and 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively, in Yeast

Extract Sucrose (YES) medium. Ochratoxin A production was evaluated by a thin-layer

chromatography technique. Oil extracts exhibited significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction of growth and

sporulation of the fungi. No inhibition of ochratoxin A production was observed. Given its accessibility

and low cost, neem oil could be implemented as part of a sustainable integrated pest management

strategy for plant disease, as it has been shown to be fungitoxic by inhibition of growth and

sporulation. Evidences from the current and other studies shows that fungal species react differently

to compounds from the neem tree.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Simone A. G. Mossini

Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.

Carla C. Arrotéia

Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.

Carlos Kemmelmeier

Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/239