Understanding Emerging Perceptions of Cultured Meat: A Mind Genomics Approach | Chapter 3 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 4

 

Cultured meat is part of the emerging field of cellular agriculture, produced by growing tissue from original animal cells. The issues involved in cultured meat emerge from technological development and consumer knowledge and acceptance. This study explores the reaction of consumers to different concepts about cultured meat. The objective is to determine whether it is possible to form a coherent picture of the concept of cultured meat by presenting respondents with different combinations of phrases pertaining to cultured meat and measuring which phrases drive agreement. Using the Mind Genomics approach, 100 respondents evaluated 24 unique vignettes each, composed of combinations of statements about cultured meat. Respondents evaluated combinations of messages about the emerging technology of cultured meat; these were created to be meaningful to a non-technical person, and dealt with the sensory, technical, and sociological aspects of cultured meat. The findings suggest that the respondent does not understand what cultured meat “means, and may agree with statements which directly negate each other. There are three poorly defined mind-sets underlying the study. Mind-Set 1-focuses on ingredients and on product form; Mind-Set 2-focuses on sustainability and ingredients; Mind-Set 3- focuses on ethical and social issues as well as on product form. These three mind-sets are intertwined within the population, and cannot be separated by conventional geo-demographics. These data present a unique opportunity to understand the formation of a new technology in food design, cultured meat. This study highlights the need for future research to be conducted periodically, perhaps annually, to monitor changes in public understanding and perceptions as the technology matures and in vitro products move toward market entry and commercial success.

 

Author(s) Details

Howard Moskowitz
Mind Genomics Associates, Inc., White Plains, New York, United States of America.

 

Attila Gere
Department of Postharvest Sciences and Sensory Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.

 

Derek Roberts
QEP Marketing Clinic, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.

 

Divya Nagarajan
MindGen Pte. Ltd., Singapore.

 

Ariola Harizi
Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v4/6172

Composting: An Eco-friendly Approach to Kitchen Waste Recycling| Chapter 2 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 4

 

Management of kitchen waste is a critical issue affecting both rural and urban areas, with significant daily generation posing environmental threats and resource overexploitation. Proper disposal is essential; thus, composting emerges as a prime solution. It is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and socially acceptable, offering a sustainable way to handle waste while benefiting the environment. Composting is the biological decomposition of organic kitchen waste by microorganisms with air and moisture, resulting in nutrient-rich compost for plants. Composting begins by separating degradable kitchen wastes from non-degradable materials like paper, plastics, metals, and harmful items such as meat, fish, and dairy products. Composting is then conducted in a large earthen pot with holes using a standard method. Compost materials serve as effective alternatives to chemical fertilisers, enhancing soil fertility and health while providing organic matter and nutrients, and promoting employment and rural development through composting technology. The chapter describes the importance of composting and its method for managing kitchen waste, promoting environmental conservation and soil health.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Manik Chandra Kundu a
Department of Soil Scence and Agricultural Chemistry, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan - 731236, Birbhum, West Bengal, India.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v4/6185

Unraveling Yield Determinants: Correlation and Path Coefficient Studies in Aromatic Short-Grain Rice (Oryza sativa L.) | Chapter 1 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 4

 

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), an ancient grass of the family Gramineae, is not only the staple food of Chhattisgarh but also the lifeblood of its culture and sustenance. Each grain is a fragment of history, embodying the dialogue between soil, climate, and the farmer’s patience. To study rice is to study both biology and philosophy—an inquiry into balance, trade-offs, and harmony within nature.

 

In the present study, aromatic short-grain rice genotypes were evaluated under Advanced Varietal Trial-Two (AVT-2) at Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, during kharif 2013. The analysis of variance revealed significant diversity among genotypes, each plant carrying its own story of strengths and limitations.

 

The results unveiled a paradox: days to 50% flowering and days to maturity—symbols of life’s progress—showed a negative association with productive tillers, grain weight, and grain yield per plant. In contrast, plant height (cm) and panicle length (cm) appeared as benefactors, positively linked with tiller number and grain weight, yet their excess betrayed yield with a negative correlation. The flag leaf length (cm), modest yet powerful, stood out: its length (cm) not only mirrored photosynthetic capacity but also exerted the highest direct positive effect on yield, followed by maturity, panicle length (cm), and tillers per plant.

 

Path analysis, like a lens revealing hidden cause beneath correlation, separated illusion from truth. It showed that while flowering time and plant height (cm) weighed heavily with negative direct effects, traits such as productive tillers per plant, days to maturity, panicle length (cm), and 1000-grain weight (g) emerged as the true pillars of yield improvement in aromatic rice.

 

Thus, the study concludes that yield is not the gift of a single trait but the harmony of many—some lifting, others restraining—together creating the symphony of productivity. In this, rice mirrors life itself: growth is a balance between forces, and true abundance lies in the right proportion of all parts.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sharma Devendra Jeet
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Barrister Thakur Chhedilal College of Agriculture and Research Station, Sarkanda, IGKV Raipur, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495004, India.

 

Parihar Roshan
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Barrister Thakur Chhedilal College of Agriculture and Research Station, Sarkanda, IGKV Raipur, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495004, India.

 

Pandey Dinesh
Section of Agronomy, Barrister Thakur Chhedilal College of Agriculture and Research Station, Sarkanda, IGKV Raipur, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495004, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v4/3659

Estimation and Prediction of Biomass Carbon Stocks in India Using Remote Sensing: Implications for Emissions Reduction and Bioenergy Potential |Chapter 4 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 3

 

As the global community transitions towards more sustainable energy sources, bioenergy has emerged as a promising solution, particularly for countries with substantial agricultural resources like India. With its vast reserves of organic waste and residues, India holds significant potential to transform biomass into clean, renewable energy. The objective of this study is to estimate the average availability of biomass in India in the year 2010 and predict it in the year 2025 with the help of high-resolution imagery through Google Earth Engine and GIS, also estimating the release of CO2 into the atmosphere if the same biomass is not utilised. The analysis utilises NASA’s harmonised global maps of aboveground and belowground biomass carbon density for the year 2010 at a 300-m spatial resolution. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product provides information about annual Gross and Net Primary Productivity (GPP and NPP) at 500m pixel resolution. The range of average above-ground biomass (agb) in 2010 varies from 0.5338 - 93.644, below-ground biomass (bgb) 1.015- 22.474, and Total biomass (TBM) 1.5488- 116.118 kg*C/m2 as computed from MODIS. Corresponding Total Biomass quantity in year 2010 is 4.39179 billion Ton and CO2 release in atmosphere is 11.539218400000001 billion Ton. However, the Gross Primary Production is 4.79646005 billion tons. However, prediction was made with NASA imagery in conjunction with Vegetation indices, Land Cover and FPAR/LAI, the results obtained are in the range of average above ground bio-mass (agb) in 2010 varies from 0.000 – 79, below ground bio-mass (bgb) 0.000- 22, and Total bio-mass (TBM) 0- 101 mg/Ha. Corresponding Total Biomass quantity in the year 2010 is 4.112982692983341 billion tons and CO2 release in the atmosphere is 13.25737496044534 billion tons. However, predicted figures in the year 2025: the above-ground biomass (agb) 85.73578643798828 mg/Ha, below-ground biomass (bgb) 22.05862045288086 mg/Ha, and Total biomass (TBM) 4.83646174936528 billion tons. Correlation and R-squared values are 0.9882423543764696 and 0.9766229509835477. The findings show that remote sensing, being an advanced technology, is quite useful for quick and reliable estimations of vegetation biomass and carbon over large areas. The study highlights that regions such as the Himalayas, North-East India, Eastern states, and the Western Ghats possess particularly high biomass potential. Future biomass research should focus on leveraging advanced technologies, addressing methodological gaps, improving data integration, and ensuring that outcomes are actionable for environmental and policy challenges.

 

Author(s) Details

Praveer Agrawal
GAIL (India) Ltd., India.

 

Rajani Kant Awasthi
Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v3/6228

Growth Analysis of Lannea kerstingii (Anacardiaceae) for Sustainable Forest Management in Northeast Nigeria | Chapter 3 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 3

 

Lannea kerstingii (anacardiaceae) is found mainly in the guinea and sudan savannahs and is useful as an agroforestry species and in meeting health benefits. The objective of this study is to close existing gaps in data availability for the purpose of formulating forest policy and planning in the sub-region of the study area. Twenty trees were sampled from fifteen quadrats each measuring 100m*100m and using different approaches, were measured for diameter at breast height, crown area, crown ratio, height and volume. Statistical analysis of the data generated was carried out using the coefficient of determination(r) and pearson’s correlation (r2). There were strong positive correlations with basal area and volume, while weaker associations with crown ratio and crown area were observed. Biomass assessment provides relevant data which helps in biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, climate change mitigation, climate budgeting and financing, culminating in developing an appropriate framework for forest policy formulation, planning and development.

 

Author(s) details

Justus eronmosele omijeh
department of forestry and wildlife management, modibbo adama university, yola, nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v3/6156

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Sediment Composition in the Seawaters of Jakarta Bay |Chapter 2 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 3

 

This research aimed to monitor water quality by observing total Persistent Organic Pollutants (PAH, OCP and PCB), total suspended solids (TSS) levels, and the percentage of sediment in Jakarta Bay. The study was carried out in March and May 2013. Surface seawater samples were taken with a water sampler at 16 research stations (8 in the west and 8 in the east). PAH, OCP, and PCB were analysed using chromatographic methods, and TSS was determined using the gravimetric method, while sediment composition was determined using the Wentworth and Shepard method.  The stored procedure is used to evaluate the status of seawater quality.  The results showed that in the west, PAH average concentration ranges from 7.852-36.518 ppb, in the east from 12.451-108.517 ppb, OCP from 7.660-7.852 ppt, in the east from 5.030-6.444 ppt, and PCBs from 3.680-18.183 ppt, in the east from 2.694-9.817 ppt. This concentration has passed the threshold value stated by the Ministry of Indonesia for marine life. TSS concentration in the west ranged from 20.05-30.414 mg/l, in the east from 23.90-34.55 mg/l, which also exceeds the threshold value for biota. Sediment percentage in the west ranged from 91.767-99.056% and in the east from 99.240-99.999%.  All stations' water quality ranged from -1.5 to -10, or the Class B category (light polluted).

 

 

Author(s) Details

Edward
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Sam Wouthuyzen
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Lusyana
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Marsya J Rugebregt
Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Ambon, Indonesia.

 

Abd Wahab Rajab
Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Ambon, Indonesia.

 

Intan Rabiyanti
Bogor Agriculture Institute, Indonesia.

 

Sulistiono
Bogor Agriculture Institute, Indonesia.

 

Teddy Triandiza
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Agus Kusnadi
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Safar Dody
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

ROD Ophier
Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Ambon, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v3/6171

Last 145 kyr Sea-surface Evolution in the Newfoundland Basin of the Northwest Atlantic: Insights from Sedimentology and Micropaleontology | Chapter 1| Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 3

 a

The Newfoundland Basin lies on the southeastern Grand Banks of the Northwest Atlantic, a key area where the exchange between subpolar and subtropical gyres takes place. Dramatic seasonal changes occur in the sea-surface temperature, salinity, and freshwater input due to the interaction between the cold and fresh Labrador Current and warm and salty North Atlantic Current (NAC) on the southeast Grand Banks. Due to this interaction, the biological productivity and seasonal stratification of the upper water masses are intensified. Such changes must have been more drastic during glacial times, due to the penetration of the Polar and Arctic fronts and the southward migration of the Gulf Stream/NAC. However, the extent to which such changes impacted the sea-surface characteristics in the Newfoundland Basin is poorly known. This study reports changes in the sea-surface characteristics using a sediment core (Hu9007-08) collected from the Milne seamount during the last 145,000 years. Sediment processing involved sample washing, ice-rafted debris (IRD) counts, and planktonic foraminifer census, as well as determination of oxygen and carbon isotopes, 14C-AMS dating, and age model construction. A total of 19 control points were used to construct the age model, in which linear sedimentation rates between the 14C-AMS date points were considered. Heinrich layers H1, H2, H4, and H5, as well as H11, were identified within MIS 3 and at the penultimate deglaciation by IRD and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma peaks, along with lighter oxygen isotopes. The rapid turnover of foraminiferal species with distinct depth habitats and ecological niches in the mixed layer and thermocline suggests an interplay between the polar and subpolar water masses during both Heinrich and non-Heinrich periods. Only two North Atlantic-wide cooling events, C24 and C21, in which the latter event is linked to the minor IRD peak during the marine isotope stage (MIS) 5 in Hu90-08, compared to eight cooling events in the eastern subpolar gyre (e.g., ODP Site 984). Millennial-scale N. pachyderma variability in the western subpolar gyre appears to be absent compared to the eastern subpolar gyre during the MIS 3, suggesting the occasional presence of the NAC-borne salty and warm water, implying a contrasting climate state between the western and eastern subpolar gyre. T. quinqueloba, a subpolar species, data are fragmentary; however, there are differences between the western and eastern subpolar gyre in addition to the differences within the western subpolar gyre during MIS 5 that imply a variable influence by the subpolar water. This finding suggests that the NAC influence outweighs the impact of cold and fresh polar water in the northern northwestern Atlantic during the MIS 5. The anti-covariation between N. pachyderma and N. incompta provides a proxy for sea-surface temperature, with the former thriving at temperatures below 8°C and the latter near 12°C. Overall, the data reflect rapid changes in sea-surface characteristics in the western subpolar gyre, driven by a dynamic balance between the Labrador Current and the NAC.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Harunur Rashid
College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.  

 

Tongzheng Zhang
College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.

 

Qian Qian Lu
College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.

 

Ming Zeng
College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v3/6058