Nonlinear Properties of PMMA Composite Thin Films | Chapter 5 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 5

 

The optical properties of thin films composed of TPP-infused PMMA were investigated using the z-scan technique. These films, ranging in thickness from 200 to 400 nm, were prepared using spin-coating. Despite varying concentrations of TPP in the PMMA matrix, the UV-visible absorption spectrum displayed no shifts in absorption wavelength. However, the composite films demonstrated robust nonlinear absorption (NLA) and nonlinear refraction (NLR) coefficients, ranging from 10-6 to 10-5 m/W and 10-13 to 10-12 m2/W, respectively. Notably, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility, χ(3), increased with higher TPP concentrations. These findings suggest the potential of these TPP-incorporated PMMA spin-coated thin films for the fabrication of nonlinear optical devices.

 

Author(s) Details:

Clavian L M
Department of Physics, St. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor, Mangaluru-575028, India.

 

Dr. Rajesh Kumar P C
Department of Physics, St. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor, Mangaluru-575028, India.

 

Anil Kumar K. V
Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangaluru-574199, India.

Narayana Rao D
Laser Lab, School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.

 

Shihab N K
Laser Lab, School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.

 

Ganesh Sanjeev
Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangaluru-574199, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/STRUFP-V5/article/view/14865

Scientific-Social-Community Impacts: The Study on Micro Drones and Nano Drones | Chapter 3 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 5

 

This study aims to consolidate and discuss the diverse applications of drone technology across various domains, including defense, agriculture, indoor exploration, forest navigation, swarm robotics, disaster management, and waste assessment. This study encompasses a comprehensive analysis of research explorations spanning different applications of drone technology, focusing on the methodologies employed, major findings, and implications in respective fields. The study also covers research conducted in diverse geographical locations and spans varying durations, reflecting the global significance and ongoing advancements in drone technology. Various methodologies encompassing experimental validation, algorithm development, field trials, and simulations to address specific challenges in each application domain are discussed. Drone technology presents versatile solutions across diverse domains, revolutionizing practices in agriculture, exploration, disaster management, and environmental monitoring. Continued research and innovation are crucial for unlocking the full potential of drones and ensuring their widespread adoption for societal benefit.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Rekha P.
BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

 

Dr. Manjunath G. Asuti
BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

 

Maaz Hussain
BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.


Misrah Naveed
BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/STRUFP-V5/article/view/14863

Reliable Analysis of Uranium in Natural Waters Using Laser-induced Fluorimetry/LED-fluorimetry in the Presence of Fluoride and Diverse Humic Substances in Hot Arid Regions: Challenges and Future Perspectives | Chapter 4 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 5

 

The present study highlights the challenges for reliable analysis of uranium in natural waters using laser-induced fluorimetry/LED-fluorimetry in the presence of fluoride and diverse humic substances in hot arid regions. Uranium is present in the environment as a result of leaching from natural deposits, release in mill tailings, and emissions from the nuclear industry, the combustion of coal and other fuels and the use of phosphate fertilizers that contain uranium. Complete preservation of samples, whether domestic wastewater or natural water, is a practical impossibility. After sample collection, changes in dynamic equilibrium cause the physico-chemical and biological changes to continue unavoidably. This justifies the requirement for the application of a mobile geochemistry laboratory for rapid on-site water sample analysis, ideally completed the same day. Laser-induced fluorimetry/pulsed LED-fluorimetry is a well-documented, highly sensitive, and versatile technique for the determination of uranium in water samples at µg L−1 levels, and in fact, it is more challenging due to a wide variety of water samples differing in total dissolved salts including saline water, diverse humic substances and fluoride content especially in hot arid regions as well as due to the practical impossibility of preserving natural water samples. As a result, in hot, dry climates, the most important criterion for an accurate uranium assay is the amount of time that passes between sample collection and analysis.  Greater variance in major cations and anions, as well as uranium concentration, is observed in water samples with high TDS in relation to the time interval between sample collection and analysis. Furthermore, approved reference material for these matrices is unavailable, making it difficult to double-check or guarantee the accuracy of the results. Beyond doubt, LED-fluorimetry is a portable device more suitable for field conditions as well as in control laboratory, easy equipment calibration/standardization, high sensitivity, better reproducibility, cost-effective, eco-friendly, traceability, comparability.

Author(s) Details:

D. P. S. Rathore
Department of Atomic Energy, Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Jaipur 302033, Rajasthan, India.

 

P. K. Tarafder
Department of Atomic Energy, Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Jamshedpur 831002, Jharkhand, India.

 

V. Balaram
CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/STRUFP-V5/article/view/14864

Social Networks and Its Role in the Modern World | Chapter 2 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 5

 In today's world, social networks are crucial. Information sharing is one of the key tasks carried out by this contemporary service. When I think back to the Arab uprising, I can remember how Twitter and Facebook were used to coordinate protests, notify participants of the date, time, and location, and emphasize the rallies' intended results. I have uncovered a lot of evidence to back up my claims, and I can now understand how Twitter and Facebook usage had a significant role in the emergence of the so-called Arab Spring. Data from both primary and secondary sources are used to support this thesis. The project report was written using MS-WORD, and the charts and graphs were created using MS-EXCEL. Data collection was done using the questionnaire approach and 30 people participated. The data analysis presented above highlights the significance of developing a strong social network because it enables us to forge intimate connections with our target market. I came across the following quote while reading Huang's article "Facebook and Twitter vital to Arab Spring uprising: report": "Social networks played a critical role in mobilisation, empowering, sharing thoughts and influencing change."

Author(s) Details:

Shreyam Chaudhary
MBA and BBA in Digital Marketing, Amity University, India.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/STRUFP-V5/article/view/14862

Bidding Strategies for Generation Companies Using Adaptive Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization in a Day Ahead Market| Chapter 1 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 5

 This paper focuses on market systems based on sealed-bid auctions. In this market, participants submit their offers to sell and to buy to the market operator, who determines the Market Clearing Price (MCP). The study presents a methodology based on Fuzzy Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (FAPSO) for the preparation of optimal bidding strategies corresponding to unit commitment by Generation companies (Gencos) in order to gain maximum profits in a day-ahead electricity market. Instead of perfect competition, Gencos faces an oligopoly market in a competitive electricity market with few suppliers. Each Genco may boost its own profit in an oligopolistic market by using an advantageous bidding method.

In FAPSO the inertia weight is tuned using fuzzy IF/THEN rules. The fuzzy rule-based systems are natural candidates for design inertia weight because they provide a way to develop decision mechanisms based on the specific nature of search regions, transitions between their boundaries and completely dependent on the problem. The proposed method is tested with a numerical example and results are compared with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and different versions of PSO. The results show that fuzzing the inertia weight improves the search behavior, solution quality and reduced computational time compared to GA and different versions of PSO. As a result, the final solution lands at the global optimum, which avoids premature convergence and permits a faster convergence.

Author(s) Details:

J. Vijaya Kumar,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Sciences, Sangivalasa, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Harish Sesham,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Sciences, Sangivalasa, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Srilakshmi Davuluri,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Sciences, Sangivalasa, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/STRUFP-V5/article/view/14861

Performance Evaluation of 3D Ultrasound Imaging Resolution of Single Transmitter/ Receiver with Coding Mask by Extracting Phase Information| Chapter 8 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 5

 Ultrasound imaging has been widely applied to medical diagnosis due to its superiority via non-ionizing radiation and its relatively low-cost system. Recently, structured ultrasound microscopy (SUM) has been proposed by using a single transmitter/receiver circuit while placing the coding mask. However, single transducers with a single time-series echo signal required several additional measurements compared to array transducers consisting of numerous elements to construct a 3D image. We are currently investigating the ultrasound imaging of a sensor that consists of a randomized encoding mask attached to a single lead zirconate titanate (PZT) oscillator for a puncture microscope application. The proposed model was conducted using a finite element method (FEM) simulator. To increase the number of measurements required by a single element system that affects its resolution, the transducer was rotated at various angles. The image was constructed by solving a linear equation of the image model, resulting in poor quality. In a previous work, the phase information was extracted from the echo signal to improve the image quality. This study proposes a strategy that integrates the weighted frequency subbands compound and a super-resolution technique to enhance the resolution in range and lateral direction. The image performance with different methods was also evaluated using the experimental data. The highest resolution image was achieved through a weighted frequency subband in the range direction. The results indicate that better image resolution and speckle suppression were obtained by applying the proposed method. In the future, experiments need to be carried out with a real single-coding mask transducer system to confirm the current results with a qualitative and quantitative evaluation using the proposed method.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad Syaryadhi
Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino 191-0065, Tokyo, Japan.

Eiko Nakazawa
Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino 191-0065, Tokyo, Japan.

Norio Tagawa
Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino 191-0065, Tokyo, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/STRUFP-V5/article/view/14931

Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach to Civil Military Relations in India | Chapter 9 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 5

 Civil Military Relations (CMR) is a complex mix of explicit, implicit, traditions, precedence, evolutions, powers forming part of the social contract that underpins the country`s governance. The main players in civil military relations are the politicians, the civilian bureaucracy, the society and the Armed Forces. Various important factors that influence Civil Military Relations include the formation of a state, command and control of the armed forces, evolution of the political environment and relationship between the state & the society. The subject is of immense importance for a developing mature democratic state. There are a few factors known as CMR Enablers and Barriers (EBs), that affect CMR. The paper studies the basic relationships amongst the shortlisted EBs and understands the driver and driven EBs. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique with Micmac Analysis was used to determine inter-se relationships between the EBs. Ultimately, how critical each factor is for the success of CMR was identified. Legacy, Leadership and National Interest were found to be the most critical EBs. Five other EBs were also identified though less critical but of importance in CMR. Future studies could quantify the framework obtained from the ISM model, using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Future research in this field could be carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).

 

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Sanjeev Sharma
Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune – 412115, Maharashtra, India.

Dr. Poornima Tapas
Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Pune, constituent of Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune – 412115, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/STRUFP-V5/article/view/14932