Statistical Downscaling of Temperature and Precipitation for Mount Makulu, Zambia Using the Statistical Downscaling Portal for 2010-2099 | Chapter 3 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 8

 Statistical downscaling of temperature and precipitation bridges the gap between the predictors and predictand and assist policymakers, researcher, and end users to assess the likely impacts of climate change on key sectors. This study simulated the future change in temperature and precipitation for Mount Makulu, Zambia using ERA-Interim reanalysis data within the Statistical Downscaling Portal (SDP). Climate scenarios were generated for temperature and precipitation for 2010-2039/1971-2000, 2040-2069/1971-2000 and 2070-2099/1971-2000 for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The Mann-Kendall test showed a significant positive trend for maximum and average temperature for the current and future climate scenarios at p<0.05. Results showed a higher variability and decreasing trend in annual precipitation under RCP 8.5 compared to RCP 4.5. The mean temperature change relative to the baseline would be 1.03oC, 1.21oC, 1.65oC, 1.87oC, 1.89oC and 2.23oC under RCP4.5 (2020), RCP8.5 (2020), RCP4.5 (2050), RCP8.5 (2050), RCP4.5 (2080) and RCP8.5 (2080), respectively. The use of PP improves the coarse spatial resolution of temperature and precipitation in GCMs and assists decision makers and end users in understanding the likely impacts of climate variability and change. The future climate scenarios under RCPs (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) provides new insights in rainfall and temperature trends from 2010-2099. The findings provide useful information as inputs into the Sectors and National Adaptation Plans.

Author(s) Details:

Charles Bwalya Chisanga,
The Copperbelt University, SNR, PES, P. O. Box 21692, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia.

Elijah Phiri,
University of Zambia, School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil Science, P. O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.

Vernon R. N. Chinene,
University of Zambia, School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil Science, P. O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.

Monday Chota,
Ministry of Education, P. O. Box 440045, Isoka, Muchinga, Zambia.

Edson Nkonde,
Zambia Meteorological Department, P. O. Box 30200, Lusaka, Zambia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V8/article/view/13615

Keywords: Scenarios, climate change, GCMs, perfect prognosis, statistical downscaling, SDP, predictand, predictor

An Advanced Study on the Impact of Varying Degrees of Underground Accidental Explosions on Underground Pipes by Simulation | Chapter 2 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

 The detonation of solid, liquid, or gas explosive materials stored beneath the ground surface causes underground accidental explosions. Underground explosions can occur in both sand and undrained clay, with varying degrees of impact on underground structures. The effects of varying degrees of underground accidental explosions on underground pipes were studied using the ABAQUS numerical code in this study. Pipes buried at various depths below the ground surface in loose sand, dense sand, and undrained clay were modeled. Several researchers' discoveries about material properties were used. Materials for pipes and soil were restricted to linear, elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic properties. Displacement, pressure, mises, stress, and strain were measured at the crown, invert, and spring-line of vertically and horizontally buried underground pipes. The findings revealed that, regardless of the ground media, displacement increases linearly as the loading wave velocity increases, whereas clay soil (i.e. undrained clay) is problematic. Even though the results vary widely due to dilations and compressions caused by the transient stress pulse of the compression wave, the observed parameters increase as the loading wave velocity increases. This research has shown that higher loading wave velocity results in higher displacement, which in turn results in higher induced moment and stress when multiplied by the corresponding distances. As a result, accidental explosion resistant evaluation of underground installations such as pipes is required in order to have an optimal design of underground structures such as pipes that can withstand the effects of underground accidental explosions.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Akinola Johnson Olarewaju
Civil Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IREGES-V9/article/view/1506