A Review of Quality of Roof-harvested Rainwater in Urban Areas | Chapter 6 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 7

 The main objective concerning this study was to the kind and quantity of roof-picked rainwater. This work thought-out the quality of roof-composed rainwater. There are three main stages in ceiling-collected pure liquid hydrogen and oxygen. Rainfall flushes contaminants from aerosols and gases exhausted the urban air in the first stage. The second stage is the catchment, where contamination results from the wash-off of debris that has grown on the surface of the roofing matters. The first-flush, storage, and probing system are refer to as the third stage. Different processes occur at each stage, accumulating specific contaminators to the initially collected water. Only in the after second stage, after discarding the extreme-polluted beginning rainwater, can some tangible processes (such as sedimentation and pH discipline) enhance the quality of the pure liquid hydrogen and oxygen harvest.  This method specifies a clear picture of the overall contamination processes that happen in a rainwater reaping system. According to a all-encompassing examination of earlier experimental studies, the most frequent physicochemical and microbiological contaminators that can be detected in pure liquid hydrogen and oxygen collecting plans were taken into report, along with the potential presence of waterborne pathogens and expanding chemical contaminators. A common conclusion from miscellaneous studies addressed in this place study is that harvested pure liquid hydrogen and oxygen needs to be treated before use for guzzling purposes. In general, rainwater reasoning in the reviewed studies point out to agreeable values of physicochemical limits. The values obtained for the microbiological limits indicate a tide when water is lowest quality and afterward a high health risk. In order to meet the flags required for consuming purposes, point-of-use systems such as UV lamps or upper layer of atmosphere disinfection are urged.

Author(s) Details:

Boniface Ogolla,
Kisumu Water and Sanitation Co. Ltd., Kenya.

Francis Ongachi Olal,
School of Science, Agriculture and Environmental Studies, Rongo University, Kenya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V7/article/view/10533

Estimation of Nickel Secretion in the Industrial City Bhilai (C.G.) | Chapter 9 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 2

This chapter's objective is to estimate and track the levels of nickel in Bhilai's ambient air and rainwater throughout a predetermined period of time. At the sampling location Bhilai Institute of Technology in the Durg district of Chhattisgarh, India, samples of the air and rainwater were collected during the study period. The outcomes were compared to those of a 1998 study that had been carried out. It was discovered that the nickel content was higher than the report from 1998. The results showed that, while not above the legal limit, nickel was detected in substantial levels in both ambient air and rainfall. While the range of nickel in air was shown to be between 0.87 and 215.4 ng/m3, the range of nickel in rainwater was found to be between 312 and 584 ng/l.

 

Author (s) Details

Rekha Trivedi

Department of Chemistry, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, 490020 C.G., India.

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V2/article/view/7633

Rainwater Harvesting for Remote Rural Areas: Remote Sensing Data Based Approach Blue Nile Area, Sudan| Chapter 12 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol.4

Methods for collecting the volume of water necessary for long-term water supply are crucial. The bulk of physical water scarcity occurs in remote rural areas across the world that receive enough rainfall. In these locations, there are insufficient Surface Rainwater Harvesting Systems (SRHS) to collect the requisite water volume. To address this issue, a Surface Rainwater Harvesting Approach (SRHA) based on remote sensing data was provided. The suggested approach was tested on existing surface rainwater harvesting systems (SRHS) in residential and agricultural regions within the research area. The investigation's major goal is to show the importance of remote sensing data in reducing physical water shortage in rural regions. The research region is around 11,000 km2 and is limited by latitudes 11°-12° N and longitudes 33°-34° E. The SRTM90 DEM data in the research region was processed using the QGIS application program's hydrological components. The hydrological model for the area was created, catchment areas were identified, and drainage capacity for specific test sites was calculated. The findings showed that the remote sensing data-based approach can locate places with drainage capacities 82 and 8 times more than traditional systems in the residential and agricultural sectors, respectively. These findings revealed that the suggested technique can make selecting the optimum surface rainwater collection locations in remote rural regions easier, resulting in a more stable water supply and a reduction in physical water shortage.

Author(s) Details:

Gar Al-Nabi Ibrahim Mohamed,
Hydrographic Surveying Department, Faculty of Maritime Studies, King Abduazizi University, KSA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V4/article/view/6861

Investigating the Influence of the Transport of Sea Spray on the Salinization of the Semiarid Region Waters (Bahia, Brazil) | Chapter 3 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 2

 

In this work, the presence of sea spray in the atmosphere of the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil, was characterised by the investigation of rainwater and atmospheric particulate matter, with the objective of studying the effect of its transport on the salinization of the waters of the region. Stable isotopes of deuterium and oxygen-18 were also calculated as environmental tracers in the rain, determining the 18O/16O and D / H isotopic ratios. One of the major processes of the cycling and redistribution of the different chemical elements on the surface of the earth is atmospheric deposition. The atmosphere of the area, as well as resuspended soil particles and anthropogenic sources, suffers from considerable marine impact. The results show that the amount of sea spray reaching the region is insufficient to interfere with the composition of the groundwater and that local geology and the process of evaporation and salt accumulation can be attributed to the cause of its salinization because of the high temperatures found in the region.


Author(s) Details

Adriana M. C. Silva 
Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Collegiate of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering 48902-300 Juazeiro-BA, Brazil.

Vânia P. Campos

Federal University of Bahia/Chemistry Institute - Analytical Chemistry Department, 40170-290 Salvador-BA, Brazil.

Rafaela S. Domingues
Federal University of Bahia/Chemistry Institute - Analytical Chemistry Department, 40170-290 Salvador-BA, Brazil.

Lícia P. S. Cruz

Federal University of Bahia/Chemistry Institute - Analytical Chemistry Department, 40170-290 Salvador-BA, Brazil.

Franciele O. Santana

Federal University of Bahia/Chemistry Institute - Analytical Chemistry Department, 40170-290 Salvador-BA, Brazil.


View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/302