A Review of Quality of Roof-harvested Rainwater in Urban Areas | Chapter 6 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 7

 The main objective concerning this study was to the kind and quantity of roof-picked rainwater. This work thought-out the quality of roof-composed rainwater. There are three main stages in ceiling-collected pure liquid hydrogen and oxygen. Rainfall flushes contaminants from aerosols and gases exhausted the urban air in the first stage. The second stage is the catchment, where contamination results from the wash-off of debris that has grown on the surface of the roofing matters. The first-flush, storage, and probing system are refer to as the third stage. Different processes occur at each stage, accumulating specific contaminators to the initially collected water. Only in the after second stage, after discarding the extreme-polluted beginning rainwater, can some tangible processes (such as sedimentation and pH discipline) enhance the quality of the pure liquid hydrogen and oxygen harvest.  This method specifies a clear picture of the overall contamination processes that happen in a rainwater reaping system. According to a all-encompassing examination of earlier experimental studies, the most frequent physicochemical and microbiological contaminators that can be detected in pure liquid hydrogen and oxygen collecting plans were taken into report, along with the potential presence of waterborne pathogens and expanding chemical contaminators. A common conclusion from miscellaneous studies addressed in this place study is that harvested pure liquid hydrogen and oxygen needs to be treated before use for guzzling purposes. In general, rainwater reasoning in the reviewed studies point out to agreeable values of physicochemical limits. The values obtained for the microbiological limits indicate a tide when water is lowest quality and afterward a high health risk. In order to meet the flags required for consuming purposes, point-of-use systems such as UV lamps or upper layer of atmosphere disinfection are urged.

Author(s) Details:

Boniface Ogolla,
Kisumu Water and Sanitation Co. Ltd., Kenya.

Francis Ongachi Olal,
School of Science, Agriculture and Environmental Studies, Rongo University, Kenya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V7/article/view/10533

Research on Microbiological and Biochemical Analysis of Soymilk Produced and Sold within Calabar Metropolis | Chapter 5 | Current Research Trends in Biological Science Vol.4

 

This study was aimed at evaluating the microbiological and biochemical content of soymilk produced
and sold locally within Calabar metropolis. Samples of soymilk were obtained from five areas in
Calabar metropolis namely: Bogobiri, Watt market, Akim barracks, Army barracks and Marian market.
Standard microbiological techniques including the pour plate method and relevant biochemical tests
were used to isolate, characterize and identify the found microrganisms. The probable bacterial
isolates were identified as: Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Klebsiella species while the fungi species
were that of Yeast and Aspergillus. There was significant differences in bacterial and fungal count
across the locations sampled (P<0.05). The mean bacterial counts were highest in samples from
Army barracks 6.90±0.01x108 cfu/ml and lowest in Marian market 4.80±0.04x108 cfu/ml while the
mean fungal count was highest in Army barracks 6.50±0.17x108 cfu/ml and lowest in Akim barracks
3.50±0.22x108 cfu/ml. Proximate composition analysis of the foods sampled revealed high
carbohydrate content (41.32±0.04% - 53.70±0.04%), lipid content (1.50±0.03% - 5.00±0.04%) and
fibre content (1.00±0.08% - 1.60±0.04%) while the range for other proximate composition indices such
as ash (1.60±0.01% - 3.10±0.02%), moisture (31.80±0.04% - 36.50±0.15%), and protein content
(10.68±0.30% - 19.08±0.30%) were relatively low. Elemental analysis of the soymilk samples showed
relatively good amounts of calcium, zinc, iron and sodium which were within the permissible limits set
by WHO guidelines for food standard. Lead, Mercury and Cadmium were not detected indicating that
the source of water was portable and the soil or cultivation was devoid of harmful/toxic metals.
Samples from Marian market however had the highest nutritional and mineral composition.

Author (s) Details

Nkoyo Edet Asuquo
Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Cross River State, Nigeria.

Slyvester Peter Antai
Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Cross River State, Nigeria.

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