Doping of Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) by FeCl3 | Chapter 9 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 4

 

Academic and industrial researchers have focused on developing conducting polymers that are stable in their conductive state during application, easy to process, and economical to produce. Conducting polymers, often referred to as synthetic metals, have garnered significant attention since Shirakawa and colleagues discovered that polyacetylene can achieve exceptionally high electrical conductivity. The study aims to investigate the structural, electrical, and thermal properties of the resulting material. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has been chemically synthesised using 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) (Aldrich) as a monomer in an aqueous solution with FeCl3 as the oxidant. Doping of PEDOT using Camphor Sulfonic Acid (CSA) and FeCl3 was carried out separately for a 5-hour duration, and the resulting material was then subjected to various analyses. To detect structural changes after doping, infrared spectroscopic analysis, wide-angle x-ray diffraction analysis have been carried out. Elemental analysis (C, H, N, S, and O) of undoped and all doped samples was carried out using Thermofinniagn, Italy, model FLASH EA 1112 series, and ICP - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy made by Jobin Yvon, France, model JY Ultima–2 was used to detect Fe contents in all samples. PEDOT has been chemically synthesised by oxidation, coupling with FeCl3 as an oxidation reagent, and then treated with hydrazine to de-dope the prepared polymer. For complete confirmation, FTIR spectroscopy studies were carried out. The results of thermal analysis show that after doping PEDOT with FeCl3, the glass transition temperature (Tg) value decreases. It is observed that in the case of FeCl3-doped PEDOT, sulfur contents decrease while Fe contents increase compared to undoped PEDOT, indicating that it is quite likely that the S of PEDOT is getting replaced by Fe after doping with FeCl3. The utilization of FTIR analysis verified the successful synthesis of PEDOT, as well as the desired doping with FeCl3 and CSA. The crystal structure of the samples was analyzed using XRD, revealing modifications following doping. Additionally, the XRD results allowed for the calculation of sample crystallinity, which increased after doping with FeCl3 but decreased after doping with CSA. Using the four-probe method, electrical conductivity (σ) measurements were obtained, showing a significant increase in conductivity after doping with both FeCl3 and CSA, with the undoped sample having a conductivity of 3.41X10-3S/cm. A plot of Log σ versus 1/T was created, revealing that the undoped PEDOT had metallic characteristics above 308 K, while both doped samples displayed semiconducting behavior in the temperature range from ambient to 383̊ K. An indigenously designed apparatus similar to Lee's method was used for measuring the thermal conductivity, which revealed that all samples exhibited comparatively small thermal conductivity values. However, these values were found to increase upon doping and with a temperature rise. The thermal conductivity of all the samples was also measured using the FOX 50 instrument, a commercially available apparatus for the measurement of thermal conductivity. The values of thermal conductivity of all the samples were found to match the laboratory-designed instrument.

 

Author(s) Details

Ashish B. Chourasia
Department of Electronic Science, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik-422 005, India.

Deepali S. Kelkar
Department of Physics, Govt. Institute of Science, Nagpur, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v4/6074

Eugenol-Based Polyacetylenes: Examining Its Synthesis and Utility | Chapter 5 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 8

Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is the main component (80% by weight) of clove oil found in Indonesia and is widely used as perfumes, antioxidants, medicines, foods, and flavoring. Eugenol is an ingredient of inexpensive nature, containing hydrophilic and allyl phenolic functional groups, and is expected to be a major component of chemical synthesis that has eco-friendly properties. Eugenol is an inexpensive natural ingredient, which contains a functional group of phenolic hydroxyl and allyl and is to be a major component of chemical synthesis which is environmentally friendly. In order to conduct the study, Eugenol 99 % was purchased from Indesso.com Indonesia, [Rh(nbd)₂Cl] was purchased from Wako Japan, [Rh+] was synthesized according to the literature. MoCl₅ was purchased from Wako Japan. NaOH was purchased from Wako Japan. K₂CO₃ was purchased from Wako Japan. All Polymers were purified by HPLC. Monomer synthesis and polymer synthesis were synthesized according to the literature. Poly (1) to Poly (3) showed widespread UV-Vis absorption at 300-450 nm and poly (4) showed cotton and UV-vis effects at 400 nm. Solvents and temperatures can tune the helical structure of poly (4). The future of semiconductor materials can serve as smart textiles, lab on a chip, portable compact screens, and skin cancer treatment. With cheap and easy-to-obtain basic materials in Indonesia, this polymer is increasing in price. In the future, the helical polymer will become a very useful material. This material has a good prospect of being developed in Indonesia. It was concluded that Eugenol-based polyethylene can be applied as an electronic plastic and in the pharmaceutical industry. The continuation of research in synthesizing new polymers from eugenol ingredients and developing new functions should be continued.

 

Author (s) Details

 

E A Rahim
Department of Chemistry, Tadulako University- Central Sulawesi, Palu, Indonesia.

F Sanda
Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Material and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v8/3207