Advances in the Surgical Management of Achalasia Cardia: A Review | Chapter 9 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 2

 

Achalasia cardia, an oesophageal dynamic disorder, is a relatively rare primary motor oesophageal disease characterised by the functional loss of plexus ganglion cells in the distal oesophagus and lower oesophageal sphincter. The management of Achalasia Cardia can be divided into medical and surgical management. This chapter synthesises the literature findings to examine the various surgical procedures available for achalasia cardia, focusing on their respective advantages and potential complications. The surgical management of achalasia cardia has undergone significant advancements over the past decade, particularly following the introduction of Heller's myotomy. Currently, laparoscopic Heller's myotomy, often accompanied by partial fundoplication, is regarded as the gold standard for the surgical treatment of achalasia cardia. Additionally, robotic Heller's myotomy is gradually gaining prominence with the advent of robotic surgical techniques. In contrast, thoracoscopic myotomy is now infrequently performed, and esophagectomy is reserved for patients with end-stage achalasia cardia. The choice of surgical approach is typically individualised, taking into account the patient’s condition and risk profile.

 

Author(s) Details
Kumar H.R.
Taylor’s University School of Medicine Clinical Campus,4700 Sg Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v2/6625

The Influence of Demographical Differences on the Work Adjustment of Academic Expatriates: The Case of an ODeL Higher Education Institution | Chapter 4 | Managing Higher Education and Enterprises in Developing Countries Beyond COVID-19: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics

 Work adjustment of academic expatriates is crucial for properly integrating into the work environment of the host institution. Academic expatriates who find it challenging to integrate are likely to feel alienated and experience low job satisfaction, which could lead to them resigning from their jobs. The study intended to determine whether demographical differences among academic expatriates (based in an open and distance higher education institution) influenced how they adapt at work. The study adopted a positivist research approach, which quantitatively studied a sample of 125 academic expatriates via an online survey.  A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was utilised to collect the data. The findings revealed that differences existed between the work adjustment of those employed permanently and those employed on fixed-term contracts. Moreover, females and males experienced work adjustment differently. Furthermore, demographical factors such as occupation, age, tenure, qualification, and length of time in South Africa also seemed to influence their work adjustment. Subsequently, the study highlighted the need for organisational support from the host institution. Hence, relevant and appropriate in-house tailored adjustment programmes should be made available to facilitate a swift adaptation.

Author(s) Details:

Thulile L. Ngonyama-Ndou,
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/MHEEDCBCPICBMD/article/view/13195

Management of Symptomatic Gall Stones in a Tertiary Care Health Facility in Southern Nigeria: A Recent Study | Chapter 9 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Background: Gallstone disease is one of the most frequent digestive system diseases. The illness spans from silent to symptomatic stones, each with its own set of problems. The disease is exceedingly uncommon among black people, and it is unknown among Africa's Bantu and Masai tribes. Surgery is still the most effective treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease, as other options are usually ineffective. Previously, open surgery was the only choice for cholecystectomy, but with the development of minimally invasive procedures, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard of surgical care.

Although not widespread in this environment, there is a need to assess the age and sex prevalence, the types of stones that are common, the various modes of clinical presentation and disease spectrum, as well as the treatment modalities used in this institution.

Methods: This is a sixteen-year retrospective review of all cases handled in this institution. Using a proforma, the case files of these patients were downloaded and essential information collected. SPSS VERSION 22 was used to analyse the data.

Results: Gall stone illness is more common in women, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:5.6. The most prevalent age group was 41-50 years, and the most common manner of presentation was recurring right hypochondrial/epigastric discomfort. In contrast to what happens in Europe and North America, the most common stone type was mixed.

Conclusion: This study found that gall stone disease is mainly prevalent among females in this area, and that open surgery is still used to treat it.

Author(s) Details

Promise N. Wichendu
Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

A. Dodiyi-Manuel
Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Kelechi Ikonwa
Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V7/article/view/1064