Nano Formulations Targeting the Brain: Advances in Drug Delivery Systems for Cognitive Dysfunction in Depression | Chapter 7 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

The item focuses on various nanotechnological approaches employed to overcome the ancestry-brain obstacle (BBB) and facilitate targeted drug transmittal to the brain, that is the crux in the management of intelligent disorders. Major depressive disorder is a widespread neuropsychiatric condition that frequently goes unnoticed and undiagnosed, specifically in underserved populations lacking approach to healthcare. Studies have demonstrated that the pathophysiology of cavity involves dysfunctions in the dominant glutamatergic structure, impairments in mechanisms managing glutamate clearance and absorption, as well as morphological and maladjusted changes in brain regions guide cognitive-impassioned behaviors. Cognitive dysfunction is a prominent facet of depression, accompanying no new approved drugs for its administration since vortioxetine. Consequently, the development of nanoformulations accompanying enhanced intellect permeability, sustained action, and superior efficiency represents a hopeful future direction. This comprehensive review determines an updated summary of recent progresses in the field of nanomedicines and nano-located drug delivery systems, emphasize their potential for enhancing the efficiency of both novel and existing drugs in the situation of cognitive dysfunction in depression. Additionally, the review climaxes recent studies promoting nano-based formulations for delivering drugs guide the glutamatergic system, such as NMDA receptor modulators, neuroprotective powers, and neurotrophic factors. The potential of nanomedicines in fixing glutamate homeostasis, improving synaptic pliancy, and enhancing neurogenesis is argued. Moreover, the review discusses the advantages of nanocarrier-located strategies in improving drug pharmacokinetics, lowering side effects, and providing maintained drug release profiles, thereby permissive improved healing outcomes and patient compliance.

Author(s) Details:

Jerin James,
Department of Pharmacology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India.

Jamuna Rani,
Department of Pharmacology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India.

Sathyanarayanan Varadarajan,
Department of Pharmacology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V8/article/view/11654

Investigation of Hypolipidemic Activity of Nanoparticles Containing Ethanolic Extract of Cocculus pendulus in High Fat Fed Rats | Chapter 2 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

Cardiovascular disease is caused by an abnormal presence of lipids in the circulation (CVD). The major goal of this work was to make nanoparticles from an ethanolic extract of Cocculus pendulus and test their hypolipidemic efficacy in rats fed a high-fat diet. Preliminary phytochemical examination of the complete plant of Cocculus pendulus indicated the presence of alkaloids, phytosterols, flavonoids, triterpenes, and volatile oils, among other phytoconstituents. HPTLC fingerprinting of an ethanolic extract of the plant Cocculus pendulus displays 13 peaks at 256 nm and 10 peaks at 366 nm, respectively, while GC-MS analysis demonstrates the presence of -Sitosterol as a marker component. The use of nanotechnology to improve the bioavailability of herbal medicines is a promising strategy. The optimal nanoformulation revealed a mean particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of 536 nm, 0.256, and 16.4 mV, respectively, of ethanolic extract of Cocculus pendulus nanoparticles prepared using the Solvent evaporation approach. On male Wistar rats, antiatherogenic efficacy was tested using ethanolic extract dosages of 200, 400 mg/kg and optimised nanoparticles doses of 40, 80 mg/kg. The effects of two different dosages of ethanolic extract of Cocculus pendulus and nano formulations on an 8-week high-fat diet were investigated. Finally, results show that when Cocculus pendulus and Nano formulations were administered orally at two dose levels, there was a significant reduction in body weight, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, phospholipids, triglycerides, and VLDL levels, as well as a similarly significant increase in high density lipoprotein levels. Cocculus pendulus nanoparticles with doses of 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg had better hypolipidemic action than the ethanolic extract of Cocculus pendulus with doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg.

Author(s) Details:

Sampath Kumar Ramala,
Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

G. Alagumanivasagam,
Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

A. Kottai Muthu,
Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V2/article/view/6574