The Diversion of Human Energy: How Work Has Become a Commodity in Modern Societies | chapter 3 | Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 2

 

This essay explores the transformation of human energy from a resource for subsistence and social cohesion into a tradable commodity in modern societies. In a universe dominated by the second law of thermodynamics, where entropy is an inescapable constant, life fundamentally challenges this tendency by maintaining order and complexity through free energy. Human energy, generated incessantly and autonomously by the cells of the human body, is not only the vital force sustaining biological processes but also the primary source of energy fueling the complex structures and operations of contemporary societies. This essay proposes an innovative hypothesis and, in theoretical and conceptual terms, proves that the true commodity in modern societies is human energy, not merely human labour. The comparison between human energy and oil as essential commodities offers a new perspective on the centrality of human energy in the global economy. Additionally, the econometric model presented quantifies the contribution of human energy to economic production, highlighting its irreplaceable importance.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

João Carlos Orquiza

Centro Universitário Filadélfia – UNIFIL, Londrina/PR, Brazil.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpassr/v2/1005

Thermodynamics of Some Potassium Salts in Methanol and Water Mixture at 30∘ to 40∘C: A Theoretical Approach| Chapter 5 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

 In the study, the conductivities of five potassium salts in methanol + water have existed determined and compared accompanying the data of intoxicating + water [1] and dioxane + water [2] mixtures 'tween 30 and 40∘C. The ionsolvent interactions of five potassium salts in methanol + water, in addition to conductance dossier from ethanol + water and dioxane + water, were distinguished at 10, 20, and 30% (w/w) solvent composition during the whole of the temperature range 30400. The K (separation constant) G8 1(el) (change in free strength transfer due to electrical offering) and G8 1(el) (change in free energy transfer on account of electrical gift) G8 (oh) (change in free energy transfer due to energetic contribution) have happened calculated and ion-solvent interplays are inferred. Dioxane is more fundamental and less acidic than that of water purified by distillation or demineralization, because of electron discharging tendency of the methylene group in the particle. A waster fragment which is hydrogen bonded accompanying oxygen atom of a dioxane particle also enhances more basic and less acidic than that of water purified by distillation or demineralization.

Author(s) Details:

B. R. Mohapatra,
Department of Physics, KIIT international school, KIIT group of Institutions, Bhubaneswar, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V6/article/view/8773

Determination of Free Energy as Described by the New Axioms and Laws | Chapter 10 | Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 3

 Expanded Field Theory is used in this research. It transforms Classic Field Theory into a considerably broader theory with two additional axioms and eight rules. The researchers decided to take Einstein's advise and try to change their way of thinking. Through new axioms and rules, the article describes a fresh new field type. It was characterised as follows from the author's past works: Only one (first) axiom and six laws are used in this paper. Maxwell's laws (1864) are known to be based on a single postulate [1]. It claims that moving in a closed loop causes a vector E to move evenly (at a constant speed): div rot E = 0. This axiom was replaced by the author with a novel one, according to which movement in an open loop or vortex causes an uneven (varying speed) movement of a vector: [2] div rot div Vor for vortex There is a cross vortex in and a longitudinal vortex in; the cross vortex in is converted to a longitudinal vortex in via a particular transformation; the longitudinal vortex in is turned to a cross vortex in through another unique transformation. 42; a decelerating vortex generates "free energy" in the form of free cross vortices; an accelerating vortex sucks the same free cross vortices, and so on. Cross vortices are visible to outside observers because they reflect the sun's rays. Longitudinal vortices, on the other hand, are invisible because they refract rather than reflect the sun's beams. E is not a simple vector. It becomes a complicated vector: E = A + As a real portion, it can have amplitude A or velocity V. Cross vortices can produce two types of vortices: a vortex created by amplitude A and a vortex generated by velocity V. Both of them may accelerate or decelerate, and they are both generators. They are material particle prototypes. The temperature falls as the accelerating vortex absorbs cross vortices, while the temperature increases as the decelerating field emits cross vortices. The velocity of the electromagnetic field inside the conductor is constant (v max = c) . It slows down near the outskirts due to resistance from the conductor wall. As a result, increasing the size of the voltage merely increases the size of the current, but not the velocity. This study introduces a novel sort of field acceleration. It absorbs "free energy" from the environment in the form of free cross vortices. The Positive Feedback mechanism converts the acceleration process into a generating process. A bound electron's state differs significantly from that of a free electron. Scientists can detect the mass of a free electron with a decelerating cross vortex (E2D-) inward but not a connected electron with an accelerating cross vortex (E2D+) inward.

Author(S) Details

Valentina Markova
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMCS-V3/article/view/6817

An Advanced Study Explaining Ginzburg Landau Equations from First Principles | Chapter 6 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 10

 As a result of inspiration, we seek to verify Ginzburg Landau equations in the field of superconductivity. They can, in our opinion, be deduced from thermodynamic considerations by applying hidden variables to quantum mechanics formalism. To generate conclusions, a coefficient of efficiency is applied, and the formula for pressure in quantum mechanics in general is discovered. Due to the curvature of spacetime, the volume changes. The alpha omega formula is discovered to prove that volume increases when mass energy is heated.

Author(s) Details

Spiros Koutandos
Maniakiou 17, Agia Paraskevi, Attica 15343, Greece.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V10/article/view/2379