Cytological Analysis of Oral Mucosal Changes in Smokers: Insights from AgNOR Counts and Papanicolaou Staining | Chapter 9 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

Objective: The goal of this chapter is to look at the cytological changes that happen in smokers' mouth linings, specifically the cell changes and proliferation seen using Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region (AgNOR) counts along with Papanicolaou (Pap) staining.

Methodology: Oral mucosal smears from 500 individuals, aged between 18 and 80 years, were collected in Al Madinah Al Munawara. The AgNOR counting and Pap staining were employed to evaluate cytological alterations such as atypia, inflammation, dysplasia, keratinization, and the proliferative activity of epithelial cells.

Results: Smokers exhibited significantly higher AgNOR counts per nucleus compared to nonsmokers (1.99 ± 3.53 vs. 0.42 ± 1.22). 42.3% of smokers and 20% of nonsmokers showed inflammatory changes. Multinucleated cells and cytological atypia in 11% of smokers, but not in the control group, were detected. These findings suggest increased proliferative activity among smokers, even in the absence of visible clinical lesions.

Conclusion: Pap staining alone does not provide sufficient information to detect smoking-related changes in the oral mucosa. Using both Pap staining and the AgNOR technique together makes it easier to find cytological abnormalities and proliferative activity. This gives a more complete picture of how smoking affects the oral mucosa.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Faris M. Elmahdi
Department of Basic Sciences, Alrayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madinah, KSA.

 

Lina A. Salim
Department of Anesthesia, College of Medical Sciences, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madinah, KSA.

 

Sumia S. Kabeer
Department of Basic Sciences, Alrayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madinah, KSA.

 

Jori O. Kareembakhsh
Alrayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madinah, KSA.

 

Amina J. Alshinqiti
Alrayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madinah, KSA.

 

Sarah M Atom
Department of Basic Sciences, Alrayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madinah, KSA.

 

Abdelrahim Shaaeldin
Department of Clinical Sciences, Alrayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madinah, KSA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v4/3204 

Determination of Cytological and P53 Expression Effects after Waterpipe Using | Chapter 8 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 The aim of this investigation search out look into the cytological alterations and p53 verbalization in oral mucosa with waterpipe users in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Waterpipe smoking is a standard activity with young adults worldwide and has happened linked to miscellaneous health problems. Tobacco is individual of the most important risk determinants for premature death everywhere. More than 60 toxic chemicals in cigarette can invade the body’s various methods. Oral squamous cell abnormal growth in animate being (OSCC) is a pathological type of oral malignancy, accounting for over 90% of oral cancers. A colossal quantity of controlled, clinical and epidemiological data shows that cigarette is associated with the incident of oral squamous cell abnormal growth in animate being, and its carcinogenic pathways grant permission be complicated. A cross-divided study was conducted during January to October 2022 in KSA. Two spoken mucosa samples were collected from 500 suggests, of which 300 were waterpipe consumers and 200 were non-users. Samples were stained utilizing the Papanicolaou staining procedure and immunocytochemical method to show the cytological changes and verbalization of P53. The Papanicolaou staining outcomes told four different results: inflammation, contamination, atypia and keratinization. Cytological inflammation was recognized in 77/300 (25.6%) waterpipe smokers, which was higher than in non-consumers (12/200, 6%). Conversely, cytological infection and atypia were observed more usually in waterpipe smokers than in controls (9% vs. 4.5% and 4.3% vs. 0.5%, respectively), while keratinization was only discovered in waterpipe users (3.6%) compared to non-consumers. Additionally, waterpipe users exhibited larger p53 protein expression distinguished to non-users. These findings indicate that usage of a waterpipe causes specific alterations in the spoken mucosa, containing elevated p53 expression in unusual and keratinizing cells. The likely prognosis of oral mucosal lesions that can be malignant, however, grant permission not be determined alone by the presence or lack of p53 staining.

Author(s) Details:

Faris M. Elmahdi,
Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Al Rayyan Colleges, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Lina A. Salim,
Department of Anesthesia, College of Health Science, Al Rayyan Colleges, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V7/article/view/12046