Investigation of the Role of Oxidative Stress-Related Genetic Variants in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-associated Nephropathy | Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 3

The present study investigates the role of oxidative stress-related genetic variants in type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated nephropathy. Type 2 diabetes is thought to be associated with microvascular complications that comprise retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Oxidative stress is a predominant factor involved in the pathogenesis of DN and alters metabolic endeavour and its hemodynamic pathways, which have varied correlations with renal problems, one of which is diabetic nephropathy, which leads to end-stage renal disease. Renal injury in DN occurs primarily through oxidative stress, which disrupts metabolic and hemodynamic pathways. Hyperglycemia is regarded as a hallmark feature of diabetes that increases reactive oxygen species generation, which eventually leads to increased oxidative stress, and this is considered the most essential event in the onset of DN. To prevent tubular injury in DN, antioxidants can be used to combat oxidative stress, which is primarily caused by several pathways. The most significant antioxidative enzymes are superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. As a result, this chapter emphasizes antioxidant gene polymorphisms and hypothesizes that these antioxidant genes may be an essential component of DN pathogenesis. Moreover, this chapter also retorts to the research questions raised by the physicians and illustrates the importance of regional population studies on detecting the SNPs of antioxidant genes and targeting therapeutic approaches aiding to lessen the severity of the disease at its initial stages.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Farhana Begum

Department of Biochemistry, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India.

Karpagavel Lakshmanan

Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v3/297

Investigation of the Role of Oxidative Stress-Related Genetic Variants in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-associated Nephropathy | Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 3

The present study investigates the role of oxidative stress-related genetic variants in type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated nephropathy. Type 2 diabetes is thought to be associated with microvascular complications that comprise retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Oxidative stress is a predominant factor involved in the pathogenesis of DN and alters metabolic endeavour and its hemodynamic pathways, which have varied correlations with renal problems, one of which is diabetic nephropathy, which leads to end-stage renal disease. Renal injury in DN occurs primarily through oxidative stress, which disrupts metabolic and hemodynamic pathways. Hyperglycemia is regarded as a hallmark feature of diabetes that increases reactive oxygen species generation, which eventually leads to increased oxidative stress, and this is considered the most essential event in the onset of DN. To prevent tubular injury in DN, antioxidants can be used to combat oxidative stress, which is primarily caused by several pathways. The most significant antioxidative enzymes are superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. As a result, this chapter emphasizes antioxidant gene polymorphisms and hypothesizes that these antioxidant genes may be an essential component of DN pathogenesis. Moreover, this chapter also retorts to the research questions raised by the physicians and illustrates the importance of regional population studies on detecting the SNPs of antioxidant genes and targeting therapeutic approaches aiding to lessen the severity of the disease at its initial stages.

Author(s) Details:

Farhana Begum,
Department of Biochemistry, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India.

Dr. Karpagavel Lakshmanan
Department of Biochemistry, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India.

Please see the link here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v3/297

Semen Characteristics and Superoxide Dismutase and Malondialdehyde Levels in Peshmerga Forces Exposed to Chemical Weapons during the ISIS-Related War| Chapter 2 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 3

 The labeling of chemical armaments as “weapons of mass destruction” focal points their possible damaging results on many civilians’ fitness. The effect of chemical arm agents has existed documented to cause reproductive toxicity and have unfavorable effects on beginning, leading to unproductiveness in those exposed to those synthetic agents. This study reasonings the semen fluid and follows up the unprotected Peshmerga forces to the chemical armament during the ISIS war. A potential cohort study at which point 58 exposed Peshmerga in three chemical attacks, distinguished with the unchanging number of the non-exposed Peshmerga. Semen fluid reasoning was performed for all, makeing inquiries after individual year. The serum level of two together MDA and SOD was measured. An individual’s BMI was premeditated. The participants’ mean age in this place study is (32.5) years in the case group while (35.5) age in the control group, with a standard deviation of 5 age in both groups. All players are male, and no gender effect be visualized. All chronic sicknesses have been forbade from the study. The mean body mass index is 22.4, accompanying a standard deviation of about 3.1 kg/m. Hypospermia grown in 18% of the exposed group (20% of the total shareholders), oligospermia (20% overall, only 3% of these in the non-exposed), and dropped motility in 19% of all participants, but 16 concerning this 19% where the unprotected group with important relative risk results, while morphology not exchanged in   both groups, again the findings showed that meaningful elevation in MDA level and SOD exercise. Chemical weapons can considerably affect beginning fluid analysis and interpretation through determinable disturbances in the volume and report of sperm, while the portion of abnormal semen counts has been raised considerably in peoples unprotected to chemical armaments. However, the morphology of source fluid sperms has not changed alike, and it’s function cannot be estimated. Even when functioning, the genetic wrongs on future generations grant permission need further testing.

Author(s) Details:

Yasin Kareem Amin,
Hawler Medical University, College of Medicine General Directorate of the Medco Legal Institute of Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V3/article/view/9193