Graffiti and Personalised Learning in Inclusive Education Centres: The Case of Rukara Model School in Rwanda | Chapter 6 | Walls That Teach: Graffiti, Education and the Pedagogy of Resistance

 

This chapter explores the intersection of graffiti, personalised learning, and inclusive education within the context of Rukara Model School in Rwanda. As Rwanda continues to position itself as a leader in educational reform on the African continent, inclusive education has become a policy priority aimed at ensuring that all learners, regardless of ability, background, or social status, are afforded equitable opportunities to learn and thrive. Against this backdrop, this chapter examines how graffiti, often dismissed as an informal or even disruptive practice, can be reconceptualised as a valuable pedagogical tool that supports personalised learning pathways and inclusive school cultures. Drawing upon the theoretical lenses of critical pedagogy and visual culture, the chapter argues that graffiti provides learners with opportunities for critical literacy, voice, and participation in ways that traditional pedagogies often fail to achieve. Through a qualitative case study of Rukara Model School, acknowledged as a theoretical and illustrative rather than empirically grounded case, it is illustrated how graffiti projects facilitate personalised learning by engaging students in creative expression, problem-solving, and reflection on social realities. The analysis highlights three key areas: graffiti as a tool for personalising learning experiences, graffiti as a medium for social inclusion and community-building, and graffiti as a catalyst for critical dialogue and social awareness. While the study acknowledges challenges such as cultural misinterpretations, policy tensions, and practical concerns regarding vandalism, it ultimately contends that graffiti can contribute meaningfully to inclusive education if harnessed within structured, participatory frameworks. By presenting Rukara Model School as a theoretical case, this chapter offers insights not only for Rwanda but also for other education systems seeking innovative strategies to realise the promise of personalised and inclusive education.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Kenneth Mukau
Faculty of Education-Department of Educational Foundations, South Africa.

 

Barnabas Muyengwa
University of Rwanda College of Education, Rukara Campus Model School, Rwanda.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-47485-01-5/CH6

 

Impact Associated with the Lack of Centralized Sewerage Treatment Systems and Inadequate Operation of Available Decentralized Treatment Systems, a Source of Emerging Contaminants in Urban Water Resources: A Review Case Study of Kigali City Rwanda, a Reflection of Other East African Countries' Cities | Chapter 5 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 2

 The purpose concerning this paper is to review the belongings of inadequately operating decentralized waste treatment orders, lack of sewerage schemes/networks and their centralized sewage situation systems, and wrong disposal of dimensional and liquid waste (sewage mixed with added hazardous treated chemicals from poisonous tanks or toilets) on the aquatic atmosphere (surface water and groundwater) and human life. As a result of the lack of a sewerage structure or network in the country, 81.6% of the improved cleanliness in Rwanda uses pit latrines with continuous slabs, according to the census report of household living environments EICV 4 that was approved for one Rwanda National Institute of Statistics in March 2016. High-altitude terrain has significantly contaminated surface and groundwater in any of locations, containing the capital city of Kigali. The complexity of wastewater administration has also been infuriate by the extreme level of life in the district and the absence of government payment for the creation of miscellaneous initiatives for concentrated sanitation.  A count of 1.3 million crowd in Kigali means that the city has neither concentrated sewage situation nor central waste networks. Except for a few semi-concentrated sewage situation systems, poisonous tanks with soak-continuously pits are primarily secondhand, together with pit latrines. Due to not cooked sewage being disposed incorrectly into the environment, they have potential negative impacts on surface and groundwater possessions or in some cases direct discharge to open waterway. Current examples of streams and rivers taking inappropriately given sewage contain Ruganwa, Rwanzekuma, Yanze, and the Mpazi rivers, as well as all tributary of Nyabugogo River. The problem of water contamination is getting poor as anthropogenic contaminants enter the water era. Emerging organic contaminators (EOCs) are of particular concern. For example, pharmaceutical and private care products are not controlled under current environmental regulations. Therefore, they may cause environmental or human health impacts. Since 2016 Kigali city was projected to have the first centralized sewerage scheme and construction of wastewater situation plant through the project named “Rwanda Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation Program (RSWSSP)”. The definitive version of the environmental impact estimate (ESIA) received by Rwanda Development Board established that this problem will be focused on by the RSWSSP program by developing Kigali's first concentrated sewerage whole, as well as by directing the solid wastes and fecal sludges create by the 6 subsidiary cities of Kigali. However, even though the project’s ESIA has already existed finished it has not been executed yet. The paper checked the main causes of water pollution in Rwanda's stupidly populated areas, specifically in the capital city Kigali, the potential effects of a lack of city centralized seepage systems, the inadequacy of now available scattered technologies to keep human life and the ecosystem, and all's awareness of the new natural water contaminants that are now being found in water environments. Also submitted were some of the best and brightest management methods for safeguarding Rwanda's water resources.

Author(s) Details:

Jean Pierre Bavumiragira,
UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Shanghai 200092, China and Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Hailong Yin,
UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Shanghai 200092, China and Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Edwin Kipkrui,
UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Shanghai 200092, China.

Pascaline Uyisaba,
University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Rwanda.

Yves Ndizeye,
UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Shanghai 200092, China and Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Alex Bazambanza,
University of Rwanda, College of Science and Technology, Rwanda.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V2/article/view/12192

Women's Perceptions and Attitudes toward Family Planning and Its Barriers in Poor Rural Settings: Advancing Rwanda’s Family Planning Policy | Chapter 01 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Family planning (FP) was identified as a national priority for poverty reduction and socioeconomic development by Rwanda's government in 2012. On the other hand, rural areas continue to contribute to greater fertility rates. To aid in the successful implementation of family planning policies in poor rural communities, this study first investigated sociocultural perceptions and attitudes that stymie FP acceptance in poor rural households, and then inferred critical strategies that could be used to influence rural people's perceptions and behaviour shifts in favour of contraception use and smaller family size to take advantage of smaller families' health and educational opportunities.

A quantitative cross-sectional design determined FP use in homes, whereas a qualitative methodology investigated socio-cultural factors that hampered FP use. A total of 119 families with women of reproductive age (15–45) in Karongi District, Rwanda's western province, were selected.

Social and cultural standards had little effect on contraception use (32.8%) or exclusively favoured natural methods (12.6 percent). Religious norms accounted for 38.5 percent of social norms, with Christianity (91.8 percent) promoting the use of natural techniques, preferably abstinence, rather than modern procedures (which were perceived as murdering children) (73.3 percent). Cultural norms (17.9%) influenced families to have a large number of children as a source of wealth, proof of productivity, and a way to relieve parents' workloads, such as assisting mothers in family activities like cooking and assisting fathers in farming activities like keeping cows, goats, and pigs. Other attitudes included spousal rejection (men dominated in making FP decisions in households) (2.5 percent), and other non-users of modern procedures (28.2 percent) were concerned about negative effects.

In poor rural regions, religious, social, and cultural traditions have an impact on FP. Men and religious leaders should be targeted as essential partners who influence women's decisions in order to accelerate FP adoption.

Author(S) Details

Costase Ndayishimiye
Public Health Sciences (Europubhealth+), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6659

Analysis of Ground Ozone and Its Correlation with Meteorological Parameters over Kigali, Rwanda | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 5

 When the air temperature is less than or equal to 19oC, the ground ozone concentration over Kigali is directly proportional to solar radiation; however, when the air temperature exceeds this range, the ozone concentration begins to decrease, but R2 is very low, implying that this is a very unlikely scenario. For wind speeds between 2 and 2.81 m/s, ambient ozone concentration is inversely related to solar radiation, but for wind speeds above 2.81 m/s, ambient ozone increases as solar radiation increases. The ambient ozone concentration rises as atmospheric relative humidity rises when the wind speed is between 2 and 2.81 m/s, but when the wind speed is larger than 2.81 m/s, the ambient ozone concentration declines as atmospheric relative humidity rises. The average wind speed reported was 3.7402 m/s with a quiet status of 0%. With maximum wind speeds of 6–7.62 m/s, the major wind direction was west-south with a frequency of 31%, followed by southeast and southwest with a frequency of 22%. As a result, if a pollutant source exists in the west, southwest, southeast, south, or east, it may be primarily disseminated in the north, northwest, or northeast from July to September 2020. Wind speed was 4.3217 m/s at the lower lever of 10.3ppb to 20.2ppb, with a prominent direction of westerly, westsouth, southeast, and a frequency of around 18%, 30%. Ambient ozone was delivered from a number of directions for values more than 20.2 ppb, including west, southwest, south, southeast, and east, with maximum wind speeds ranging from 6 to 7.62 m/s.

Author (S) Details

J. D. Ndayisenga

Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V5/article/view/4098