Seasonal Variability of Mixed Layer Depth in the Red Sea | Chapter 1 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 6

 

Mixed layer depth (MLD), one of the most important oceanographic parameters, has been investigated in the Red Sea using in situ profiles. A monthly climatology record of MLD in the Red Sea has been derived based on in situ temperature profiles. Deep MLDs have been observed during the winter and shallow during summer. Transitional MLDs have been found during the spring and fall. Deeper MLDs were observed in the northern end of the Red Sea associated with the winter cooling of the high-saline surface waters. Further, the region north of 19 °N experienced deep mixed layers, irrespective of the season. Wind stress plays a major role in the MLD variability of the southern Red Sea, while net heat flux and evaporation are the dominating factors in the central and northern Red Sea regions. Tokar gap winds and ocean eddies significantly changes the MLD structure in the Red sea.

 

Author (s) Details

C. P. Abdulla
Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.

 

M. A. Alsaafani
Department of Marine Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia.

 

T. M. Alraddadi
Department of Marine Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia.

 

T. T. M. Asharaf
Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.

 

A. M. Albarakati
Department of Marine Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia.

  Please see the book here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/eieges/v6/7654A

Seasonal Variability of Mixed Layer Depth in the Red Sea | Chapter 1 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 6

Mixed layer depth (MLD), one of the most important oceanographic parameters, has been investigated in the Red Sea using in situ profiles. A monthly climatology record of MLD in the Red Sea has been derived based on in situ temperature profiles. Deep MLDs have been observed during the winter and shallow during summer. Transitional MLDs have been found during the spring and fall. Deeper MLDs were observed in the northern end of the Red Sea associated with the winter cooling of the high-saline surface waters. Further, the region north of 19 °N experienced deep mixed layers, irrespective of the season. Wind stress plays a major role in the MLD variability of the southern Red Sea, while net heat flux and evaporation are the dominating factors in the central and northern Red Sea regions. Tokar gap winds and ocean eddies significantly changes the MLD structure in the Red sea.

Author(s) Details:

C. P. Abdulla,
Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.

M. A. Alsaafani,
Department of Marine Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia.

T. M. Alraddadi,
Department of Marine Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia.

T. T. M. Asharaf,
Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.

A. M. Albarakati,
Department of Marine Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V6/article/view/13061

Studies on Sexual Reproduction of Two Reef Building Corals Seriatopora hystrix and Lobophyllia corymbosa in the Jeddah Coast of Red Sea | Chapter 7 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 4

 

 For a year, researchers in Sharm Ubhur studied the sexual reproduction of the scleractinian corals Seriatopora hystrix and Lobophyllia corymbosa. According to the researchers, S. hystrix is a hermaphrodite brooder that develops its larvae inside of its polyps and undergoes internal fertilisation. On the other hand, because the L. corymbosa is a hermaphrodite broadcaster with exterior larval development, embryos are not evident in histological studies. It was shown that S. hystrix has a short reproductive season (January to April). The first planula larvae were found in March at a temperature of 27.42°C, and the amount of eggs and testes seen during this time was likewise modest. All year long, gonads from L. corymbosa polyps were discovered, each with two oogenesis cycles and one spermatogenesis cycle. The size of the S. hystrix egg varied from 158 mm (in January) to 241 mm (in April). Observations of L. corymbosa eggs with the first discernible sizes were made in August (187.2 mm) and April (689.96 mm). Zooxanthellae were discovered in mature oocytes of S. hystrix. They were absent from L. corymbosa.

Author(s) Details:

Yahya A. M. Floos,
Department of Marine Biology & Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science & Environment, Hodiedah University, Yemen.

Abdulmohsin A. Al-Sofyani,
Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Saudi Arabia.

Talal A. Zari,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V4/article/view/7590

East-west Variability of Sea Level in the Red Sea | Chapter 7 | Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 4

In comparison to other regions of the world, the physical mechanisms related with sea level fluctuations are not widely researched. In the current study, the sea level variability in the Red Sea is examined using data from more than 2.5 decades of satellite altimetry-based remote sensing measurements. The investigation found a consistent east-west pattern that is evident every year when the east-west sea level difference is taken into account. This east-west (EW) difference is positive in the winter when the Red Sea's eastern shore has higher sea levels and negative in the summer when the same region experiences significantly lower sea levels. There is a fluctuating trend in the shift in sea levels between May and October, which are transitional months. During the summer, the EW difference in the southern Red Sea is, on average, 0.2 cm larger than that in the northern part. Wavelet analysis reveals a strong annual cycle as well as other signals of lesser amplitude for both the northern and southern Red Seas. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) study shows that EOF1 correlates to 98 percent of overall variability, EOF2 to 1.3 percent, and EOF3 to 0.4 percent. In contrast to the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), ENSO exhibits a significant remote response to EW variations. Three physical factors—wind, buoyancy, and the polarity of eddies—are responsible for the occurrence of this EW differential phenomenon.

Author (s) Details

Cheriyeri Poyil Abdulla

Department of Marine Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-80200, Saudi Arabia and  Department of Physical Oceanography, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-682016, India.

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/ECEES-V4/article/view/7581 

Dynamics of Sea-level Changes in the Red Sea | Chapter 3 | Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

Information on sea-level fluctuations is crucial for a full understanding of upper-ocean processes in light of recent global climate shifts. There is a severe shortage of data on sea-level fluctuations in the Red Sea, particularly data on interannual variability, long-term trends, and related dynamics. By examining satellite altimetry sea-level data over nearly three decades (1993-2020), the current study tried to close this gap and is utilised to comprehend the variability and associated dynamics in the Red Sea sea-level. The sea level normally rises in the winter, reaching its peak in December or January, and falls in the summer, reaching its lowest point in August, in a consistent pattern moving from south to north. The fluctuation of global climate modes, such as the East Atlantic-West Russian oscillation and El Nio Southern Oscillation occurrences, interannual changes in sea level and the Indian Ocean Dipole are strongly connected. Compared to other climatic trends, the El-Nino Southern Oscillation has a bigger effect on sea level. The rate of sea level rise in the Red Sea from 1993 to the present was 3.88 mm/year, which was comparable to the global rate of 3.3 0.5 mm/year. The Red Sea saw a much faster rate of sea level rise (6.40 mm/year) from 2000 to the present.

Author(s) Details:

Cheriyeri Poyil Abdulla,
Department of Marine Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 80200, Saudi Arabia and  Department of Physical Oceanography, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682016, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAGEES-V5/article/view/7528