East-west Variability of Sea Level in the Red Sea | Chapter 7 | Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 4

In comparison to other regions of the world, the physical mechanisms related with sea level fluctuations are not widely researched. In the current study, the sea level variability in the Red Sea is examined using data from more than 2.5 decades of satellite altimetry-based remote sensing measurements. The investigation found a consistent east-west pattern that is evident every year when the east-west sea level difference is taken into account. This east-west (EW) difference is positive in the winter when the Red Sea's eastern shore has higher sea levels and negative in the summer when the same region experiences significantly lower sea levels. There is a fluctuating trend in the shift in sea levels between May and October, which are transitional months. During the summer, the EW difference in the southern Red Sea is, on average, 0.2 cm larger than that in the northern part. Wavelet analysis reveals a strong annual cycle as well as other signals of lesser amplitude for both the northern and southern Red Seas. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) study shows that EOF1 correlates to 98 percent of overall variability, EOF2 to 1.3 percent, and EOF3 to 0.4 percent. In contrast to the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), ENSO exhibits a significant remote response to EW variations. Three physical factors—wind, buoyancy, and the polarity of eddies—are responsible for the occurrence of this EW differential phenomenon.

Author (s) Details

Cheriyeri Poyil Abdulla

Department of Marine Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-80200, Saudi Arabia and  Department of Physical Oceanography, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-682016, India.

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/ECEES-V4/article/view/7581 

Dynamics of Sea-level Changes in the Red Sea | Chapter 3 | Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

Information on sea-level fluctuations is crucial for a full understanding of upper-ocean processes in light of recent global climate shifts. There is a severe shortage of data on sea-level fluctuations in the Red Sea, particularly data on interannual variability, long-term trends, and related dynamics. By examining satellite altimetry sea-level data over nearly three decades (1993-2020), the current study tried to close this gap and is utilised to comprehend the variability and associated dynamics in the Red Sea sea-level. The sea level normally rises in the winter, reaching its peak in December or January, and falls in the summer, reaching its lowest point in August, in a consistent pattern moving from south to north. The fluctuation of global climate modes, such as the East Atlantic-West Russian oscillation and El Nio Southern Oscillation occurrences, interannual changes in sea level and the Indian Ocean Dipole are strongly connected. Compared to other climatic trends, the El-Nino Southern Oscillation has a bigger effect on sea level. The rate of sea level rise in the Red Sea from 1993 to the present was 3.88 mm/year, which was comparable to the global rate of 3.3 0.5 mm/year. The Red Sea saw a much faster rate of sea level rise (6.40 mm/year) from 2000 to the present.

Author(s) Details:

Cheriyeri Poyil Abdulla,
Department of Marine Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 80200, Saudi Arabia and  Department of Physical Oceanography, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682016, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAGEES-V5/article/view/7528

Seasonal, Interannual and Long-term Sea-level Changes in the Arabian Gulf | Chapter 2 | Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

The current chapter investigates the short-term, long-term, and seasonal sea-level fluctuations in the Arabian Gulf. In the Arabian Gulf, currents generated by density, winds, and tides are the main circulators. With a peak in November and a trough in April, the sea level is typically high in the autumn and low in the spring. The pattern of sea-level variations in the nearby marginal basin is very different from, or virtually opposite, the sea-level variability in the Arabian Gulf (Red Sea). The examination of low-passed sea level using Principal Component Analysis has revealed that the first mode of fluctuation accounts for 87.9% of the long-term variability. The Northern Arabian Gulf's long-term linear sea level trends are 2.58 mm/year and 3.14 mm/year, respectively, with a total average of 2.92 mm/year. With a basin average trend of 4.29 mm/year, the long-term linear trends in sea level for the post-2000 period are 4.06 mm/year and 4.44 mm/year, respectively. By 2050, the sea level in the Arabian Gulf is expected to rise by 8.1 cm, 1.3 cm, and 6.8 cm, and by 16.9 cm, 17.7 cm, and 39.1 cm, according to the numerical estimates for the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios.

Author(s) Details:

Cheriyeri Poyil Abdulla,
Department of Marine Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia and Department of Physical Oceanography, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-682016, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAGEES-V5/article/view/7527