Molecular Detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in Citrus Plants: Insights from Bangladesh | Chapter 4 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 4

Citrus cultivation is vital to the agricultural landscape, offering substantial nutritional and economic advantages. However, citrus plants are highly vulnerable to numerous disorders, with Huanglongbing (HLB), commonly known as citrus greening disease, being one of the most severe threats. This devastating condition is attributed to the fastidious bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, which poses a significant risk to the citrus industry in Bangladesh. The primary transmission routes for this disease include insect vectors and the grafting of infected budwood. Recent advancements in diagnostic techniques have highlighted the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method as a more reliable and sensitive approach for detecting the greening bacterium compared to traditional methods such as electron microscopy, DNA-DNA hybridization, and immunofluorescence. Research has shown that utilizing a DNA extraction kit for isolating DNA results in superior quality and quantity compared to other methods. In a study conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture in Mymensingh, researchers collected 10 samples from symptomatic trees, revealing that 4 samples (40%) tested positive for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. The PCR analysis produced amplicons of 703 bp and 500 bp using primer pairs A2/J5 and LSS/LSS606, respectively. The findings from this study indicate that March is the optimal month for sampling when conducting PCR detection of the greening bacterium. The validated methodologies from this research will play a crucial role in implementing regulatory measures, effectively managing infected trees, and establishing a nursery system that is free from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. The study concluded that the psyllid transmission of HLB is a complex and dynamic process that involves multiple interactions among biotic and abiotic factors. It is essential to focus on implementing measures to combat this severe disease, which poses a risk to all citrus varieties in this biodiversity-rich region. Failure to do so could result in significant challenges for revitalizing citrus cultivation. These efforts are essential for safeguarding the future of citrus cultivation in Bangladesh and mitigating the economic impacts associated with HLB.

 

Author (s) Details

Mohammad Mahbubul Haque
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

 

Md. Nazmul Hasan Mehedi
Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science & Technology University (PSTU), Bangladesh.

 

Jannatul Farthouse
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

 

Mahbuba Kaniz Hasna
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

 

Ibrahim Khalil
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

 

KM Eadun Nabi
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

 

Nipa Rani Paul
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

 

Fahmida Sultana Monika
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v4/2860

Percent Coefficient of Variation (%CV) Formula for Log-transformed Data from Lognormal Distributions | Chapter 11 | Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 1

The coefficient of variation (CV) serves as a dimensionless metric commonly employed to assess the variability within a population in relation to its standard deviation. It is conventionally expressed as a percentage (1). When considering the percent coefficient of variation (%CV) for data subjected to logarithmic transformation, it becomes crucial to apply the appropriate %CV formulation designed for lognormally distributed data. A thorough examination of various journals reveals a recurring issue where the %CV formula for log-transformed data is inaccurately applied, particularly in cases involving naturally exponential distributions that undergo transformation to linearity (i.e., lognormal distributions). This chapter establishes a framework for the accurate application of the mathematical formula for %CV in the context of data derived from a lognormal probability distribution.

Author(s) Details:

Jesse A. Canchola,
Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Pleasanton, California, USA.

Daniel Jarem,
Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Pleasanton, California, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUMCS-V1/article/view/13678

The Association between Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Gene Polymorphism and Prostatic Cancer | Chapter 8 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 The aim of the study search out determine the union of Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and Prostatic Cancer. Prostate malignancy affects fathers of all racial and cultural groups and leads to higher rates of humanness in those belonging to a lower socioeconomic status on account of late detection of the affliction. There is growing evidence that plans the contribution of an individual’s historical profile to prostate cancer. Prostate tumor is becoming more low everywhere. The aetiology of prostate malignancy has been connected to a variety of causes, including hereditary, racial, and abstinence from food factors. It has happened demonstrated that source of nourishment D (calcitriol) has a role in cell growth and differentiation, and allure shortage is individual of the etiological factors in prostate tumor. Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and the enzyme 1 hydroxylase, which are inevitable for the formation of calcitriol and allure activity, are meant by prostate epithelial cells. In sure epidemiological research, VDR gene polymorphism has happened linked to prostate malignancy, although skilled is a dearth of information in the Indian setting. The Department of Biochemistry worked accompanying the Department of Urology to evaluate three alone nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites, FokI, TaqI, and ApaI, in 120 cases of prostate tumor. These cases were compared to 120 active first-degree relatives and 120 independent controls. When analysed, it was shown that prostate tumor patients had significantly lower rates of the Tt and Aa genotypes than healthy non-relative controls (p = 0.016 and 0.043, individually). Tt genotype incidence is considerably lower in victims (p = 0.005) compared to first-scope relatives. With regard to FokI variety, no meaningful equating was discovered. The study reveals that heterozygous TaqI and ApaI variety genotypes may be guarding against the onset of prostate tumor.

Author(s) Details:

Bhaskar Charana Kabi,
Department of Biochemistry in School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital, Sharda University, India.

Manoj Kumar Nandkeoliar,
Department of Biochemistry in School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital, Sharda University, India.

Thuraya Adulsalam A. AL-Azazi,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Deepa Haldar,
Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Pankaj Ramro Kambale,
Department of Biochemistry, Grant Govt. Medical Collage & Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Byculla, Mumbai, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V1/article/view/12295

Evaluating the Diagnostic Performance of PCR Targeting Insertion Sequence (IS6110) for the Detection of Extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis| Chapter 7 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

 The disease of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis debris a challenge to control tuberculosis in spite of remarkable progress has been fashioned in diagnostics all along the last decade. The polymerase chemical reaction (PCR) was used in the disease of definitive extra pulmonary infection patients and to assess the accomplishment of insertion series (IS) 6110-based PCR assay as distinguished to conventional liquid education by Microbial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) 960 system. Patients accompanying clinically suspected extra-pulmonary TB provided 792 dispassionate specimens. There were 22 disciplined fluids, 69 pleural fluids, 240 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF), 386 endometrial tissues, 47 lymph nodes, 22 suppuration samples, 1 synovial fluid, 1 fallopian tube, 2 intelligence abscess, and 2 ovarian sac samples among the collections. All of these dispassionate samples were cultured on MGIT 960 tubes holding Modified Middlebrooks 7H9 broth medium and Auramine O staining (FM) for acid-fast bacterium (AFB). The Mycobacterium TB insertion series IS6110's 123 bp fragment was the target of the PCR. In our reasoning of 792 samples, we found that they were 87.5% sensitive to endometrial samples, 92.31% alert cerebrospinal fluid, 66.66% sensitive to pleural fluid, and 60% awake lymph node samples. Calculations show that the PCR IS6110 has a linked sensitivity and particularity of 85.71% and 82.91%, respectively. It is decided that PCR using IS6110 primer improved more positivity in extra-pulmonary samples distinguished to the conventional civilization method for detecting M. infection.

Author(s) Details:

R. Venkateswari,
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.

B. Usharani,
Department of Biomedical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.

P. Suganthi,
Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.

M. Muthuraj,
State TB Training and Demonstration Centre, Intermediate Reference Laboratory, Government Hospital for Chest Diseases, Puducherry, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V2/article/view/9369