Nipple Areola Complex Reconstruction in Poland Syndrome: Techniques and Considerations | Chapter 28 | Key Flaps in Plastic Surgery

 This book chapter discusses the reconstruction of the nipple areola complex (NAC) in a follow-up case of Poland syndrome and left breast reconstruction with a Backer's implant, presenting with athelia. The operative procedure involved marking the nipple and areola comparable to the contralateral breast, using the purse-string technique for nipple reconstruction, and deepithelizing the proposed areolar region for subsequent grafting with split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) harvested from the thigh. The postoperative period was uneventful, and satisfactory results were observed during follow-up examinations.

The chapter introduces NAC reconstruction as a crucial component of breast reconstruction following mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery. It emphasizes the importance of restoring the natural appearance of the nipple and areola for aesthetic purposes. Various surgical techniques are discussed, including local flaps, skin grafts, and 3D tattooing, with an emphasis on patient preferences and customization. The chapter highlights the personalized nature of NAC reconstruction, considering the patient's desires and anatomy.

Postoperative care, long-term results, and potential complications are also addressed. Close collaboration between the patient and the surgeon, along with realistic expectations, is emphasized to achieve optimal outcomes and minimize the risk of complications. The chapter underscores the significance of NAC reconstruction in enhancing the aesthetics of the reconstructed breast and improving the patient's satisfaction with their breast reconstruction journey.

Author(s) Details:

Mohd. Altaf Mir,
Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS),Bathinda-151001, India.

Jaya Jain,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda-151001, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/KFPS/article/view/11523

Poland Syndrome: Its Prevalence and Associated Implications | Chapter 2 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

 Poland syndrome is a musculoskeletal birth condition with varying appearance, according to literature review. It typically manifests as partial or complete absence of pectoral muscles, breast abnormalities, and anomalies of the upper limbs. The range of limb abnormalities includes syndactyly and phocomelia. Although family cases of the Poland syndrome with intrafamilial incidence have also been noted, the disorder is widely distributed in the population. Many theories have been proposed regarding etiopathogenesis, however the vascular disruption theory is the most widely recognised one. In addition to the conventional presentation, syndactyly, phocomelia, a faulty rib, and severe thoracic wall abnormalities that limit lung function can coexist with the Poland syndrome. Symptoms may be modest at birth and into childhood, necessitating no surgical intervention. Only when symptoms are severe, such as when significant chest abnormalities are limiting pulmonary functioning, should surgery be considered. The chapter's objective is to compile information on Poland syndrome's etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic needs.

Author(s) Details:

Rajani Singh,
Department of Anatomy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai Etawah, UP, India.

Kavita Gupta,
Department of Anatomy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai Etawah, UP, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V3/article/view/7890