Removal of Lead and Cadmium in Synthetic Wastewater Using Phaseolus vulgaris (Beans) Husk as Bio-adsorbent: Experimental Investigation | Chapter 03 | Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 2

 Due to their efficacy when compared to existing and expensive traditional technologies like ion exchange and membrane technology, the use of low-cost bio-adsorbents to remove heavy metals from wastewater and drinking water is quickly receiving study attention. A range of agricultural wastes have lately been subjected to this bio-sorption technology. In this study, the husk of Phaseolus vulgaris, a native bean of southwestern Nigeria, was used as an adsorbent since it was abundantly available and affordable. The concentration of heavy metals in the metal ion solution after adsorption was determined using an Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results show that the removal efficacy of beans husk decreases as the beginning concentration rises, but increases as contact time and adsorbent dosage rise. The adsorption capacity, on the other hand, rises with the initial concentration but falls with the adsorbent dose. For lead adsorption, the ideal pH was 1.55, whereas for cadmium adsorption, it was 4.90. The findings led to the development of a low-cost, high-effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater.

Author(S) Details

Funmilayo J. Okparaocha
Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria and Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Peter O. Oyeleke
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Abimbola B. Akinyele
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.

Omolara J. Ojezele
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Kikelomo B. Odusola
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Adijat Y. Shorinmade
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria.

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Phenotypic Characterization of Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Accessions Conserved at the Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Institute: Experimental Investigation | Chapter 01 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 11

 The researchers wanted to see how different ten accessions from Zimbabwe's Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Institute (GRBI) differed in terms of qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The accessions were planted in three replicates in a Randomized Complete Block Design. To collect qualitative and quantitative traits, the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) developed the common bean descriptor list. With Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Minitab Release 12.22 and GenStat Discovery 14 software, the quantitative data for the number of days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity, seed size, grain production, and number of seeds per pod were evaluated. Cluster analysis divided genotypes into two primary groups when the dendrogram was partitioned at the 26:22 percent similarity levels. Cluster A had two bean genotypes, whereas Cluster B contained eight genotypes separated into two subgroups. Depending on genotype pairs, groupings, and sub-groups, the genetic closeness of accessions varied substantially. Accessions from different clusters (A and B) had lesser genetic closeness, whereas accessions from the same cluster had higher genetic similarity. There were significant differences (P0.01) in the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, length, and seed size across the accessions. Based on diverse morphological traits presented by different accessions, it is feasible to determine that morphological variety exists among the 10 common bean accessions. It's also possible to conclude that there are no duplicates among the ten most common bean accessions.

 
Author(S) Details

Rudo Musango
Department of Research and Specialist Services, Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Institute, P.O Box CY 550, Causeways, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Kusena Kudzai
Department of Research and Specialist Services, Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Institute, P.O Box CY 550, Causeways, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Summerset Mhungu
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Women’s University in Africa, Education services Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Handsen Tibugari
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Women’s University in Africa, Education services Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe.

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Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Effect on Plant and Microbial Growth | Chapter 9 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 3

Carbon nanotubes, which are comprised of graphene, one of the world's strongest materials, have shown features that can be employed in energy storage devices, electron emission devices, and environmental engineering. Researchers have recently concentrated their efforts on identifying the impact of carbon nanotubes on soil microbes and plants.

The goal of this research was to see if multi-walled carbon nanotubes would alter Phaseolus vulgaris growth as well as prevent the growth of certain soil microorganisms.

Methods: On bean plants grown in hydroponic circumstances and on selected soil bacteria, the impacts of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes were studied. The seedlings were treated to varying concentrations of distributed multi-walled carbon two weeks after germination. 0 ug (control), 50 g, 250 g, 500 g, 750 g, and 1000 g mL l50 g, 250 g, 500 g, 750 g, and 1000 g mL-1 were the varied concentrations. The plants' growth was measured weekly, as well as the diameter of the leaves, their length and width, the roots, and the fruits. Mesorhizobium sp. and Nitrosomonas stercoris cultures were incubated in the BioScreen reader after being exposed to 0ug (control), 50 g, 250 g, 500 g, 750 g, and 1000 g mL-1 of dispersed MWCNTs. For 24 hours, the optical density was reported every 30 minutes.

Results: Bean plants demonstrated resistance to multi-walled carbon nanotubes at 50 g/mL, however plants at 250 g/mL and 500 g/mL of MWCNTs showed lower growth and development, as well as plant death. MWCNT aliquots of 750 g/mL and higher reduced microbial biomass. Microbes are expected to be stressed in the presence of high concentrations of carbon nanotubes, and direct contact with CNTs could damage their cell membrane, resulting in cell death.

Conclusion: When releasing multi-walled carbon nanotubes into the soil or environment, the concentration should be set at a maximum of 500 g mL-1, according to the findings of this study.

Author (S) Details

Kadiatou Keita

Alabama A&M University, Alabama, USA

Florence Okafor

Alabama A&M University, Alabama, USA.

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