Microgravity, Bone Homeostasis, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1: A Review | Chapter 01 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 16

 Despite their devotion to high-impact exercise training regimens and meals high in minerals, potassium, calcium, and vitamin D, astronauts are at danger of losing 1.0-1.5 percent of their bone mass for every month they stay in space, all of which are designed to preserve the skeletal system. The anatomy and function of osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and their mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cell origins are discussed in this chapter, as well as how exposure to microgravity or simulated microgravity affects them. It goes through the importance of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its receptor insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (GF1-R) in maintaining bone homeostasis, as well as how microgravity impacts the activity of these growth factors in bone cells. Finally, it discusses the potential of TRAIL, syncytin-A, sclerostin inhibitors, and recombinant IGF-1 (rIGF-1) as bone-saving therapy for astronauts in space and during moon colonisation. IGF-1 and its receptor, IGF1R, are important at all stages of bone development, encouraging both radial and linear bone growth.

 
Author(S) Details

John Kelly Smith
Departments of Academic Affairs and Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 70300, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.

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Assessment of the Changes in Hormones of Somatotropic Axis during Transition Period in Murrah Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Supplemented with Vitamin E | Chapter 3 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol. 1

 The researchers wanted to explore how vitamin E administration altered the GH-insulin–IGF-1 axis in Murrah buffaloes throughout the transition period. The Murrah buffaloes (n = 12) were selected during late gestation from the National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) cattle herd and put into two groups of six each. The control diet was fed to group I buffaloes, while group II buffaloes were given 2000 IU/day/head vitamin E along with the control feed. By jugular veinpuncture, blood samples were taken from each buffalo at weekly intervals from day -21 to day +21 relative to parturition. A bovine specific ELISA test kit was used to measure growth hormone (GH), IGF-1, and insulin. According to the data, there was no significant difference in insulin and GH concentrations in the blood during the transition phase between the two groups. In Group I, however, the fall in insulin and IGF-I was substantially greater. The decrease in these hormone levels during the transition period was discovered to be a physiological event associated to a negative energy balance. During the changeover period, dietary supplementation with Vitamin E had no influence on peripheral hormone levels.

Author (s) Details

Bhabesh Mili
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.

Sujata Pandita
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.

B. S. Bharath Kumar
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.

Mehtab S. Parmar
Physiology and Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.

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