A New Model of Hepatitis C with Cardiac Side Effects of Direct Acting Antivirals Treatment: A Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation | Chapter 5 | Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 12

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne infection that poses significant health risks, potentially leading to severe liver-related conditions such as liver failure, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and even death. It is a major global health concern, affecting millions of people worldwide. Traditionally, the treatment of hepatitis C has been challenging, with few alternatives and severe side effects. However, introducing direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape for hepatitis C. DAAs are a relatively new class of medications directly targeting the viral proteins essential for HCV replication, offering a highly effective and safe treatment option. They have shown remarkable success rates in clearing the virus from the body, leading to the eradication of the infection in the majority of patients. Despite their efficacy, DAAs are not without potential drawbacks. One area of concern is their impact on heart health. Emerging evidence suggests that DAAs can have varying effects on cardiovascular health, with some patients experiencing adverse side effects on the heart, a phenomenon known as cardiotoxicity. Therefore, we developed a mathematical model based on hepatitis C patients, demonstrating the positivity and boundedness of the system solution. We determined the equilibrium point and assessed its stability using the Routh-Hurwitz criteria, confirming it as asymptotically stable. Finally, we conducted numerical simulations to evaluate these findings.

 

Author (s) Details

Chaimae EL Mourabit
Laboratory LIPIM, National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA), Khouribga, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, Morocco.

 

Nadia Idrissi Fatmi
Laboratory LIPIM, National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA), Khouribga, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, Morocco.

 

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v12/1765

Experiments on the Seroprevalences and Associated Factors of Viral Infections (HIV, Hepatitis B and C) among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at the Yaoundé Central Hospital | Chapter 3 | New Insights into Disease and Pathogen Research Vol. 5

A viral infection is a proliferation of a harmful virus inside the body. HIV infection, viral hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) constitute a public health problem. The objective of this study was to assess seroprevalences and associated factors of these infections among pregnant women. We carried out a cross-sectional and analytical study. We consecutively enrolled 360 women attending ANC. Blood samples were collected to screen for HIVAb, HBsAg and HCVAb through rapid diagnostic tests, and confirmed at the “Centre Pasteur” laboratory of Cameroon. The mean age was 27.99 +/- 5.63 years, ranging from 15 and 47 years. The prevalence of HIVAb, HBsAg and HCVAb were 13.1% (n = 47), 9.4% (n = 34) and 1.7% (n = 6) respectively. We had 1.4% and 0.6% of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV coinfections respectively. Independent risk factors associated with HIV were: The level of primary study (OR: 7.97; 95% CI = 2.23 - 28.49; P = 0.001) and multiple sexual partners (OR: 4 79; 95% CI = 1.79 - 12.79, P = 0.002). Multiple sexual partners was the Independent risk factor associated with HBsAg (OR: 11.62; 95% CI = 5.057 - 26.731; P = <0.001). No factor was associated with HCVAb.  Increased awareness, promotion of screening and / or treatment of infections and immunization against HBV in the general population and in women of childbearing age in particular, would reduce their impact and therefore prevent their horizontal and vertical transmission.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Florent Ymele Fouelifack
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom, Yaoundé, Cameroon and Research, Education and Health Associative Group GARES-Falaise, Dschang, Cameroon.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/196

Hepatitis C Virus in HIV Co-morbid Pregnancies in Jos, Nigeria: Critical Overview | Chapter 3 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 2

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are of medical significance. Objective: The study was designed to determine the rates and risk factors for HCV infection among HIV positive pregnant women compared with HIV negative controls. Methods: It was a cross-sectional comparative study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos and the Aids Preventive Initiative in Nigeria (APIN) laboratory, Jos. Blood samples of both HIV negative antenatal attendees and HIV positive pregnant women attending Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) clinic was taken in an EDTA anti-coagulant containing specimen bottle for serological test with second generation ELISA. Specimen containers were coded to ensure confidentiality. Plasma samples were obtained after centrifugation of the whole blood. The sample was stored at -20°C until the time for analysis.   Results: A total of 326 subjects were studied .The mean (SD) for age, parity and gestational age of subjects were 30.1±4.9 years, 1.4±1.3 and 21.9±8.4 weeks respectively. Twelve (7.4%) and 4(2.5%) tested positive for anti-HCV antibodies in the HIV positive group and HIV negative group respectively. There was a statistically significant odd of having HCV among women with HIV compared to HIV negative controls (fishers exact =0.03, p<0.05) {or 0.32 (0.10-1.00) 95% ci}.More proportion of the study participants with co-infections have multiple sexual partners, sexually transmitted diseases, low education, higher parity and advanced age than the comparative group. Conclusion: Education, public health enlightenment and modification of social lifestyle will halt or reduce this trend in sub-Saharan Africa.

Author(s) Details

Assoc. Professor Bernard Terkimbi Utoo
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria

Professor Musa Jonah,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Professor Solomon Atiene Sagay
 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

View Book :-  http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/190