Xiaoyaosan Improves Depressive-like Behavior in Rats with Chronic Immobilization Stress through Modulation of the Gut Microbiota | Chapter 6 | Insights into the Prevention and Treatment of Depression with Famous TCM Prescription Xiaoyaosan

 Depression has become the leading cause of disability worldwide and a growing public health problem in China. In addition, intestinal flora may be associated with depression. This study investigated the effect of the decoction Xiaoyaosan (XYS) against depressive behavior through the regulation of intestinal flora. Fifty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (i.e., control, model, XYS, and fluoxetine). The latter three groups were subjected to 21 days of chronic restraint stress to produce the stress depression model. Rats in the XYS and fluoxetine groups received intragastric administration of XYS and fluoxetine, respectively. The behavioral changes of the rats were observed after 21 days. Stool specimens were sequenced using the 16S rDNA high-throughput method to detect the structure and changes in intestinal flora. There was no difference observed in alpha diversity among the groups. At the phylum level, XYS regulated the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Planctomycetes. At the genus level, XYS reduced the abundance of the Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, and Desulfovibrio. On the contrary, it increased the abundance of the Ruminococcaceae family to improve depression-like behavior. The mechanism involved in this process may be related to short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, and intestinal inflammation.

Author(s) Details:

Hui-Zheng Zhu,
The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou-510632, Guangdong, China, Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou-510632, Guangdong, China and Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen-529030, China.

Yu-Dan Liang,
Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou-510632, China.

Qing-Yu Ma,
Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou-510632, Guangdong, China.

Wen-Zhi Hao,
Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou-510632, Guangdong, China.

Xiao-Juan Li,
Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou-510632, Guangdong, China.

Man-Si Wu,
Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou-510632, Guangdong, China.

Li-Juan Deng,
Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou-510632, Guangdong, China.

Yu-Ming Li,
Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen-529030, China.

Jiaxu Chen,

Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou-510632, Guangdong, China and School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road Chaoyang District, Beijing-100029, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IPTDFTPX/article/view/11267

Molecular Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Indigenous Fermented Pig Fat: A Case from Assam, India | Chapter 7 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

 In this study, probiotic bacteria in traditionally fermented pig fat (Sathu) from Karbi Anglong, Assam, were to be identified. The goal of the study is to examine the significance of food to the population by determining the existence of native Lactic acid bacteria and characterizing probiotic features in vitro using industry-standard methodologies. Two different bacterial species (KJc8 C8 and KJR2 C9) were isolated from the food sample. The isolates' cocci and rod-like morphology were found to be present. The isolated strains had crucial properties for bacteria to be probiotics, including resistance to inhibitory substances like NaCl (1–10%) and bile salt (0.1–1%) and a preference for acidic environments. Additionally, the isolates showed success in metabolizing different sources of carbohydrates. Probiotic bacteria species Bacillus and Lactobacillus were discovered by molecular analysis using 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The experimental results also demonstrated that there were no additional spoilage bacteria present and that just Lactobacillus and Bacillus species predominated in the food sample. This offers compelling proof that the food product might include probiotics. Beyond its nutritional implications, additional investigation into the food item will be a milestone in the economic advancement of civilization.

Author(s) Details:

Ranjita Yumkhaibam,
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Arunachal Pradesh, Jote-791113, India.

Kimjolly Lhouvum,
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Arunachal Pradesh, Jote-791113, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V7/article/view/8056

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Vibrio spp. by Sequencing of 16S rDNA from Seafood, Meat and Meat Products in Libya: A Descriptive Study | Chapter 10 |Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol.4

The study's major goal was to define microorganisms obtained from seafood, meat, and meat products that could cause food poisoning. We intend to use this information to establish a baseline for future foodborne illness studies in Libya. Septicemia, cholera, and milder forms of gastroenteritis are all caused by food-borne microbes in the genus Vibrio. Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus are some of the Vibrio species that are commonly associated with foodborne transmission. A total of 93 samples of seafood, meat, and meat products (Table 1) were randomly collected from different geographic locations in Libya [Tripoli, Regdalin (120 km west of Tripoli), Janzour (30 km west of Tripoli), and Tobruk (1400 km east of Tripoli)]: 21 shrimps, 5 clams, 20 fish, 34 samples of raw meat (10 beef, 9 camel meat, 6 mutton, and 9 chickens), and 13 samples of meat products (2 beef sausages, 5 Each sample weighed 250 grammes. Only 48 (51.6%) of the 93 cultivated samples developed colonies on Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt agar (TCBS) with Vibrio spp. culture characteristics. On TCBS, more than half (n=27) of processed seafood samples (n=46) yielded colonies, whereas only 44.6 percent of meat and meat product samples yielded colonies. The highest bacterial count among cultivated seafood samples was found in clams, which had a level of 3.8X104 CFUg. With 6.5X104 CFUg, chicken burger samples had the highest bacterial count. Molecular examination of the isolates acquired in this investigation revealed that Vibrio spp. were found in 11 of the 48 samples (22.9 percent). For the first time, Vibrio parahemolyticus was isolated from camel meat. Finally, morphological features extracted from morphological cultural characteristics on the selected TCBS agar media were used to presumptively identify the retrieved Vibrio parahemolyticus and V. harveyi.

Author(s) Details:

S. M. Azwai,
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box-13662, Tripoli, Libya.



E. A. Alfallani,
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box-13662, Tripoli, Libya.


S. K. Abolghait,
Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia-41522, Egypt.


A. M. Garbaj,
Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box-13662, Tripoli, Libya.


H. T. Naas,
Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box-13662, Tripoli, Libya.


A. A. Moawad,
Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza-12211, Egypt.


F. T. Gammoudi,
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box-13662, Tripoli, Libya.


H. M. Rayes,
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box-13662, Tripoli, Libya.


I. Barbieri,
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’ Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi, 9 - 25124 Brescia, Italy.


I. M. Eldaghayes,
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box-13662, Tripoli, Libya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V4/article/view/6230