Increased Uptake of Oxidized LDL by Macrophages from Type 2 Diabetics is Inhibited by Polyamines: An Advanced Study | Chapter 10 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. To date, considerable evidence supports a role for oxidative modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine on human LDL oxidation and to assess the ability of macrophages derived from type 2 diabetic patients to uptake oxLDL. Polyamine effect was compared with α-tocopherol. Four healthy subjects and eight type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study. Data were expressed as the mean S.D. Significance among experimental groups was calculated by one-way ANOVA test and Tukey HSD test for multiple comparisons, using the SPSS Program. To characterize type 2 diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects, laboratory tests were carried out. Glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), triglycerides, low (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and serum lipid peroxidation were measured in blood. The study was performed in three stages. For each stage, ten experimental conditions comparing the effect of polyamines with α-tocopherol (10 μM solutions) on LDL oxidation and the uptake of oxLDL by macrophages were analyzed. MDA concentration was found to be significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects (5.6 ± 0.58 vs. 2.66 ± 0.31 μM MDA, respectively, (P < 0.05)). Percent of macrophages containing oxLDL was determined by means of red oil staining. The uptake of oxLDL by macrophages derived from diabetic patients was clear. The uptake of oxLDL was inhibited when the oxidation was prevented by polyamines or a-tocopherol. Spermine showed high antioxidant capacity (96.67 ± 1.53% vs. 25.67 ± 2.30%) compared to a-tocopherol (96.67 ± 1.53% vs. 47.00 ± 7.20%) at the concentration tested.

In conclusion, polyamines especially spermine, has a potent antioxidant effect compared to a-tocopherol on human LDL oxidation, followed by spermidine and putrescine. The results have clinical relevance in the diabetic complications and add knowledge on the role of polyamines as natural antioxidants. This research is not a clinical evaluation rather a functional analysis utilizing clinical samples.

Author(s) Details:

Francisco L. Balderas,
Medical Research Unit in Metabolic Diseases, Specialities Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, P.O. Box A-047, Mexico City, 06703 D.F., Mexico and School of Medicine, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Campus Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico.

Marina Quezada-Larios,
Angiology Department, Specialities Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico.

Ethel Awilda García Latorre,
Immunology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, I.P.N., Mexico City, Mexico.

José D. Méndez,
Medical Research Unit in Metabolic Diseases, Specialities Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, P.O. Box A-047, Mexico City, 06703 D.F., Mexico and School of Odontology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, 04510 D.F., Mexico.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V5/article/view/13287

Assessment of Fatty Acids Profile and Oxidative Stability of Eggs from Laying Hens Fed Diets Containing Hemp Seed or Hempseed Cake | Chapter 2 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 3

 

This chapter aims to assess the effects of dietary intake of hemp (seeds or cake) on the fatty acid (FA) profile and oxidative stability of eggs. The increased production of hemp and the availability of hemp seed and hempseed products have created opportunities for use in livestock rations.  One hundred and twenty, 24-week-old Tetra-SL LL laying hens were assigned to three dietary treatments with five replicates of eight hens each (40 laying hens/treatment), in a completely randomized design. The study found that the amount and type of PUFAs, the amount of α-tocopherol, and the duration of egg storage all had a significant impact on the oxidative stability of eggs. The results indicate that hemp seed appears to be more effective than hempseed cake in maintaining the oxidative stability of egg lipids.

Author(s) Details:

D. Mierlita,
Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Oradea, 1 University St., 410087 Oradea, Romania and Doctoral School of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V3/article/view/9666

Application of Antioxidants as Effective Remedies at Hepatotoxic Action of Carbon Tetrachloride | Chapter 14 | Current Research and Development in Chemistry Vol. 4

 In the metabolism of carbohydrates , lipids and proteins, the liver, as the central metabolic organ, plays an important role. There are several hepatotoxic xenobiotics present in the setting. CCl4 is a toxic free radical for hepatocyte organelles. The presented work investigated the characteristics of ultrastructural changes in CCl4-intoxicated hepatocytes as well as tissue after treatment with alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) grape seed extract (GSE). The liver has a high regeneration potential as a consequence of the cell bioremediation effect and reactions against corrupting factors. Thus, the liver toxicity and LC models have a corrective impact based on the existence of ultrastructural changes in mitochondria and other hepatocyte compartments, GSE, as well as alpha-T and STS. The ultrastructural characterization of the GSE effect by TEM is proof of its effectiveness with cytoprotective and antitoxic features as well as xenobiotic-CCl4 hepatocytes caused by rat liver cirrhosis.

Author (s) Details

Karlen Hovnanyan
Scintific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Armenia.

Vardan Mamikonyan
Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.

Anahit Margaryan
H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry, NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.

Kristine Sargsyan
Scintific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Armenia.

Margarita Hovnanyan
Scintific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Armenia.

Maria Karagyozyan
Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.

Konstantin Karageuzyan
Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.

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