Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines since the beginning of human civilisation. There is a growing demand for plant-based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics, etc. Adhatoda zeylanica is a significant medicinal plant that is used to treat a variety of illnesses in rural India. It is called Vasaka in Sanskrit and Malabar nut in English, and it is a member of the Acanthaceae family. The leaves contain a pyrroloquinazoline alkaloid called Vasicine. It has strong antimicrobial, antiperiodic, antihelminthic, and expectorant properties. In addition to seasonal fluctuations, most plant-based alkaloids are not chemically synthesised. The establishment of tissue culture methods for several medicinal plants made it possible to analyse callus/cell suspension extracts for the presence of several secondary metabolites. In order to increase the production of vasicine, research efforts were made to produce secondary metabolites of medicinal significance using a tissue culture technique. On Murashige and Skoog and B5 media supplemented with auxins (2,4-D and NAA) and cytokinins (6-BA and kinetin), callus cultures were established from Adhatoda zeylanica leaves and petioles. Vasicine synthesis was higher in callus generated from leaves than in petiolar callus that were grown on MS medium with 10.7 µM NAA and 4.4 µM 6-BA, along with 0.5 ml/l of ornithine (4.7 mg/gDW). To enhance the amount of vasicine in suspension cultures, various biotic and abiotic elicitors were used. Aspergillus niger at a concentration of 1.5ml/l gave maximum yield of 4.72mg/gDW of vasicine after an incubation of 48hrs. Chitosan yielded 5.54mg/gDW of vasicine at a concentration of 150mg/l for 48 hrs of incubation. Vasicine was detected and confirmed by thin layer chromatography, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, electron ionisation mass spectra and high-pressure liquid chromatography analyses. The results suggest that carbohydrate source, amino acids and elicitors can enhance the accumulation of vasicine in vitro. To further improve vasicine yields in cell cultures of Adhatoda zeylanica, advanced approaches such as hairy root culture, cell immobilisation, and permeabilisation are being explored. Based on the results of the present investigation, it can be proposed that a further increase in Vasicine content may be achieved by designing bioreactors for large-scale production and genetic transformation studies.
Author
(s) Details
Kandula Jayapaul
Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Sitaphalmandi, Osmania University,
Hyderabad, India.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v3/5287
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