Study on Effect of Fibrolytic Enzymes Supplementation on in vitro Gas Production Kinetics and Ruminal Fermentation of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) By-Products | Chapter 6 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 3

 One of the suggested stunning methods that is consistent with animal welfare is electric field exposure during fish harvesting at an aquaculture farm or sample site. The goal of this study is to examine the microbiological and psychochemical quality of climbing perch that have been electroshocked for 2 minutes at 50, 70, 90, and 110 volts, with controls kept untreated. After being stunned at 70-90 V, the bacteria count in climbing perch decreased dramatically (p0.05). Meanwhile, stunning at 50 and 110 V did not differ significantly from the untreated samples (p>0.05). The pH value in climbing perch was not significantly affected (p0.05) by stunning at 50-110 V. Climbing perch stunned at 90-110 V had a considerably (p0.05) reduced quantity of overall colour than untreated samples, giving the fish flesh a pale appearance and discolouration. Electric field exposure for fish harvesting is recommended at 70-90 V, which considerably reduces microbial impacts while causing minimal aesthetic changes.

Author(S) Details

Khalil Abid
Food and Animal Nutrition Service, National School of Veterinary Medicine Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia and Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.

Jihene Jabri
Food and Animal Nutrition Service, National School of Veterinary Medicine Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia.

Yves Beckers
Laboratories Precision Livestock and Nutrition, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.

Hela Yaich
Food and Animal Nutrition Service, National School of Veterinary Medicine Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia.

Atef Malek
Food and Animal Nutrition Service, National School of Veterinary Medicine Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia.

Jamel Rekhis
Food and Animal Nutrition Service, National School of Veterinary Medicine Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia.

Mohamed Kamoun
Food and Animal Nutrition Service, National School of Veterinary Medicine Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia.

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Effects of Electric Field Exposure on Microbiological and Physiochemical Quality in Climbing Perch (Anabas testudines) | Chapter 5 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 3

 One of the suggested stunning methods that is consistent with animal welfare is electric field exposure during fish harvesting at an aquaculture farm or sample site. The goal of this study is to examine the microbiological and psychochemical quality of climbing perch that have been electroshocked for 2 minutes at 50, 70, 90, and 110 volts, with controls kept untreated. After being stunned at 70-90 V, the bacteria count in climbing perch decreased dramatically (p0.05). Meanwhile, stunning at 50 and 110 V did not differ significantly from the untreated samples (p>0.05). The pH value in climbing perch was not significantly affected (p0.05) by stunning at 50-110 V. Climbing perch stunned at 90-110 V had a considerably (p0.05) reduced quantity of overall colour than untreated samples, giving the fish flesh a pale appearance and discolouration. Electric field exposure for fish harvesting is recommended at 70-90 V, which considerably reduces microbial impacts while causing minimal aesthetic changes.

Author(S) Details

Nurul Ulfah Karim
Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Che Fatimah Nadia Che Jusoh
Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Rohisyamuddin Othman
Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Abol Munafi Ambok Bolong
Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Marina Hassan
Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.

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Carcass Characteristics of Commercial Broiler Chicks Affected by Probiotic Supplementation | Chapter 4 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 3

 The goal of this study was to see how probiotics affected the carcass characteristics of commercial broiler chicks. The study looked at two probiotic levels (without and with probiotic supplementation). The probiotic groups had two replicates in the trial. At the 6th week of age, the carcass characteristics and conformation traits of broilers were assessed. The data was evaluated based on the number of survivors and the number of birds in each subclass. Because the differences between replicates for the different variables under research were not significant after analysis of variance, all following analysis was done on a combined sex basis. The results of the current investigation on percent shrinkage, percent dressing, percent giblet, and total percent meat yield revealed a substantial influence on males, females, and combined sex basis when probiotics were included. Most carcass components in the control group had a higher percent yield than those in the probiotic-supplemented diet. The cut-up components yield (leg, breast, back with neck, and wings) were almost identical in the control and probiotic supplemented dietary groups, and the percentage was likewise lower in the probiotic supplemented food group than in the control group. The treatments had no influence on the moisture, fat, or ash content of the meat, according to the proximate principles of the meat. The protein content of broiler diets containing Probiotics, on the other hand, was dramatically lowered. Lactobacillus counts were greater in the probiotic-fed groups than in the control group.

Author(S) Details

Gopal Ray Bansal
JNKVV, Jabalpur MP, India.

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Study on Production of Microbial Lignolytic Enzymes for Deconstruction of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Feeding Ruminants: Current Trends and Future Prospects | Chapter 3 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 3

Lignolytic enzymes secreted by ligninolytic fungi, such as laccase, manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase, have been employed to deconstruct lignocellulosic material for feeding ruminants. The focus of the study is on the structures, catalysis, and reaction processes of ligninolytic enzymes and their applications. It also discusses the fermentation processes utilised for large-scale manufacturing, as well as the analytical procedures needed to determine the feed's nutritional value. It makes no mention of using the carbohydrate components of crop leftovers for biofuel or creating alternative renewable energy sources from lignocellulosics. The goal is to present a comprehensive overview of the benefits of biological delignification of lignocellulosics for improved ruminant performance. The review depicts the current state of ligninolytic enzyme technology, its application in the livestock feed business, and the potential for future adaptations of the methods outlined.

Author(S) Details

Vidya Pradeep Kumar
National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore -560 030, Karnataka, India.

Manpal Sridhar
National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore -560 030, Karnataka, India.

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Study on the Effect of Different Rearing Conditions during Milk Drinking Period on Performance and Behaviour of Dairy Cows in their First Lactation | Chapter 2 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 3

 The researchers wanted to see if the sire lineage and rearing conditions until weaning affected cow growth, milk yield, and maze learning behaviour. 35 Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: SM, n=13, in hutch from 2nd to 56th day, 6 kg milk replacer daily), then loose housing pen to weaning (they received a maximum of 6 kg milk daily); SN, n=9, after 3 days with own mother in pen with nursing cow (they received a maximum of 6 kg milk daily); H, n=13, in hutch from 2nd to 56th day (6 kg milk replacer daily). All heifers were kept in pens with the same ration to the calving after weaning at the 84th day. Live body weight (LBW) and milk supply were measured every month and every day during lactation. The 5th month of nursing was used to assess maze learning. A General Linear Model ANOVA was used to analyse the data. The LBW in SN (SM 528.211.4 kg, SN 571.715.3 kg, H 533.212.3 kg) tended to be the highest on the 30th day. In terms of lactation, SM had the highest LBW and H had the lowest (SM 612.612.2 kg, SN 623.116.4 kg, H 569.813.2 kg, P0.05). For 305 days of lactation, the SN produced the most milk (SM 7143.9 241.5 kg, SN 7345.1 319.0 kg, H 7146.7 234 kg), whereas the H produced the most FCM (SM 6290.3 203.2 kg, SN 6307.6 268.4 kg, H 6399.3 197.1 kg). Group SN was the first to complete the maze (SM 1141.4120.5 s, SN 810.3160.5 s, H 1120.8118.6 s). The number of vocalisations was considerably different (SM 32.35.7, SN 20.84.4, H 9.92.6, P0.01). The findings suggested that the manner of weaning dairy cows had an impact on their performance and behaviour.

Author(S) Details

Michal Uhrincat
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, Luzianky-95141, Slovakia.

Jan Broucek
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, Luzianky-95141, Slovakia.

Lucia Macuhova
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, Luzianky-95141, Slovakia.

Anton Hanus
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, Luzianky-95141, Slovakia.

Peter Kisac
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, Luzianky-95141, Slovakia.

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Dental Resorption without Hypercementosis in Horses: Case Reports and Discussion | Chapter 1| Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 3

 Over the course of 17 months, a horse with poor body condition, periodontal infection, and pain around the mandibular incisors with only fragments of teeth was investigated and radiographed before and after surgery.

Another horse with a mandibular fracture and shattered teeth was monitored for 9 years with yearly radiographs to see if sections of the roots were resorbing. The horse experienced no clinical issues as a result of the mandibular and tooth fractures.

The goal of this study was to demonstrate that tooth resorption in horses is not always caused by hypercementosis, and that clinical signs are frequently caused by infection surrounding the teeth. Clinical signs are always present when a root is fractured. The rate of resorption appears to be influenced by the state of the periodontal membrane. The resorption process is prolonged if the membrane remains intact (several years). If the membrane is destroyed, resorption occurs quickly (about a year). If there is an infection, the process will be even faster.

Author(S) Details

Jens Arnbjerg
University of Copenhagen, SUND, Denmark and University Hospital for Companion Animals, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Dyrlaegevej 32, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.

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Direct Conversion of Dry Algae to Biodiesel under Supercritical Methanolysis: An Advanced Research | Chapter 13 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 The goal of the research is to convert dry algal biomass into biodiesel in a single step under supercritical methanol conditions, which is both environmentally benign and cost effective. Methanol is used to extract and transesterify lipids from algae under supercritical conditions, resulting in fatty acid methyl esters. The fatty acid methyl esters are generated from polar phospholipids, free fatty acids, and triglycerides, and the process conditions prevent the development of byproducts. On the production of fatty acid methyl esters, the effects of dry algae to methanol (weight/volume) ratio (1:12-1:40), reaction temperature (150-300°C), and reaction duration (5–50 min.) are examined. The conversion percentage reached 97 percent at 300°C, with a molar ratio of 1:30 (weight/volume) and a reaction time of 30 minutes. The purity of fatty acid methyl ester was determined by gas chromatography analysis, and it was found to be 80 percent pure with a 77.6% alkyl ester content. With a high anticipated cetane number (60), strong oxidation resistance, and low viscosity, this green conversion technique has the potential to provide an energy-efficient and cost-effective route for biodiesel production.

Author(S) Details

S. Hawash
Chemical Engineering & Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.

S. A. Abo El- Enin
Chemical Engineering & Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.

G. El Diwani
Chemical Engineering & Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.

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