Advanced Study on Antioxidant Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized from Methanolic Leaf Extract of Blighia sapida | Chapter 7 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 4

 The use of microorganisms, enzymes, or plant extracts in the synthesis of nanoparticles has been proposed as an ecofriendly alternative to chemical and physical methods that involve the use of harmful reducing agents. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a green approach from methanolic leaf extract of Blighia sapida in the current study. UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to characterize the synthesized AgNPs (SEM). The antioxidant activity of the synthesized AgNPs was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, total reductive potential, total phenolics content (TPC), and total flavonoids content (TFC). The size of the synthesized silver nanoparticles ranged from 50 to 70 nm, with maximum UV-vis absorbance at 413 nm, according to SEM analysis. Radical scavenging activity of DPPH, reducing power, total phenolic and total flavonoid content When compared to ascorbic acid, the standard reference, the content of the synthesized AgNPs increased in a dose-dependent manner. This finding confirmed that Blighia sapida is a viable biomaterial for the production of AgNPs, which can then be used to boost antioxidant activity. This study sheds light on the use of Blighia sapida leaf as a good source of naturally occurring antioxidants, which could be useful as a therapeutic agent in the prevention or treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.

Author (S) Details

Dr. A. O. Akintola
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Ogbomoso, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria.

Mr. B. D. Kehinde
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Dr. P. B. Ayoola
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Ogbomoso, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria.

Dr. A. G. Adewoyin
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Ogbomoso, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria.

O. T. Adedosu
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

J. F. Ajayi
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Mr. S. B. Ogunsona
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Ogbomoso, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V4/article/view/1883

Investigating the Effect of Rotor Angle to Characteristic Amplitudo Vibration Shaft on Wind Turbine Horizontal Axis Testing | Chapter 6 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 4

 The vibrations that occur in the wind turbine's axis are a result of the unstable wind velocity caused by the angle of the wind attacked by the wind turbine's blade. Because abundant energy sources such as wind and water have not been fully utilized, this study will seek to improve efficiency. Vibration is a popular tool for analyzing machines with both rotational and translational motion. Vibration is a popular tool for analyzing machines with both rotational and translational motion. Data and vibration knowledge will be of critical importance for the treatment of repair analysis and also. This knowledge can help technicians. reduce the occurrence of downtime and can improve advantage from both the aspect of peroduksi and the longer wind turbine age Vibration caused by the effect of the style of siklik [pass/through] existing machine elements, where the elements are displaying each other and didesifikasienergi [pass/through] structure in the form of vibration. The impact of vibration is the occurrence of clunk, a decrease in wind turbine performance, and the destruction of wind turbine components, particularly at the pad and axis. This study of angle includes corner variation of blade (sudu / wind turbine rotor) to axis as well as variation of incoming wind speed. With a change in can perceive an known by the vibration behavior that occurred by measuring with appliance mengunakan agree vibration of vibrometer VQ-400-A OMETRON which in circuit with U3-Lv labjak distribute to PC in the form of digital voltage to analogous voltage This model measures vibration along the horizontal axis of the abscis or along the rotatory wind turbine axis. To present the results of measurements taken by labjak, which is connected to a PC laptop via a circuit. This study found that for wind speeds [among/between] 3 - 4,5 m/s with the smallest deviation, use angle; corner of blade 30o [so that/to be] vibration that happened more minimal, which is [among/between] 0,2353425 mm to 0,356839 mm. According to the critical frequency calculation, if the turbine rotation frequency is 9,464226 Hz and the simulation software ANSYS is used, the frequency is 4,1854 Hz.

Author (S) Details

Aston Sianipar
Department Mechanical Engineering FT-UHN, Jl.Sutomo No.4-A, Medan 20234, Indonesia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V4/article/view/1882

Water Vapor Sensors Based on the Swelling of Relief Gelatin Gratings: Recent Advances and Development | Chapter 5 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 4

 We present a novel device for measuring relative humidity. Different materials are used in the measurement of relative humidity. The sensor is built around gelatin surface diffraction gratings. This material expands and contracts in response to the amount of water vapor in the air. Diffracted orders appear when a light beam is directed at a grating. First order intensity varies with relative humidity due to gelatin swelling or shrinking. Calibration curves for intensity versus relative humidity have been discovered. The process of making diffraction gratings and testing prototype sensing devices is described.

Author (S) Details

Sergio Calixto
Centro de Investigaciones en Optica, Loma del Bosque 115, 37000 Le´on, GTO, Mexico.

Miguel V. Andres
Departamento de Fisica Aplicada y Electromagnetismo, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Val`encia, Spain.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V4/article/view/1881

Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Various Traffic Calming Measures Implemented on the Approach to the Tempo–30 Zone | Chapter 4 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 4

 Tempo–30 zones are primarily used to reduce traffic congestion by lowering the operating speed to the desired level of 30 km/h. Various traffic calming measures are in place to achieve this goal. To determine the most effective traffic calming measures in terms of speed reduction, speed measurements were taken on a few selected Tempo–30 zone approach sections that included various traffic calming measures such as traffic circles, raised junctions, speed tables, speed bumps/humps, and horizontal deflections on raised junctions. Another feature that distinguished the sections chosen for the study was the Tempo–30 zone entry feature, such as a mini roundabout or a simple or signaled intersection. during peak times The weather and the pavement surface were both dry during all of the measurements. The average speed vav and the 85th percentile speed v85 were calculated. Electronic speed and traffic volume measuring systems equipped with an automatic recording function were used for simultaneous measurement at the respective measurement points P1, P2,... Pn. The measurement data was analyzed, and the results show that the obtained operating speeds were less than 30 km/h (the maximum permitted speed in the Tempo–30 zone) only on a few sections. The most sustained speed reduction effect was observed on two research sections that included a variety of vertical traffic calming measures, such as raised junctions, speed tables, or speed bumps/humps. The effectiveness of a combination of different traffic calming measures imposing vertical and horizontal deflections of vehicle paths of travel was determined. The most effective solution, however, was a series of vertical traffic calming measures provided on the Tempo– Section 30: Approach. A signaled junction before entering the Tempo–30 zone was also found to be ineffective, as drivers tended to slow down no sooner than at the raised junction. A mini roundabout, traffic circle, or signalized junction at the entry to the Tempo–30 zone, on the other hand, had only a minor effect on speed. The same holds true for repeated small horizontal deflections on approaches to raised junctions.

Author (S) Details

Alicja Sołowczuk
West Pomeranian University of Technology, 50 Piastów Ave., 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V4/article/view/1880

Effect of Bulb-outs at Intersections on Speed Reduction and Visibility Conditions in Tempo–30 Zone | Chapter 3 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 4

 Tempo–30 zones are increasingly being used as a traffic-calming measure. They are primarily intended to cause drivers to reduce their speed to an expected value and to improve traffic safety. Drivers in Tempo–30 zones must pay special attention to vulnerable road users (VRU), who can cross the street at any time. The specific street and junction geometry, as well as the street furniture, warn drivers of the traffic-calmed area ahead of them, compelling them to slow down. One of the most common design measures for junctions in Tempo– 30 zones is to narrow the junction legs and extend their corners. Reduced driving speed expands the driver's central vision area, allowing for quicker and easier detection of pedestrians about to cross the road. Bulb-outs (also known as build-outs) at intersection corners along the intersection legs shorten the pedestrian crossing distance and provide a better view of oncoming vehicles. They are typically combined with on-street parking lanes reserved for local residents. Taking the foregoing information into consideration, the author conducted speed measurements on a selected downtown street located in a Tempo–30 zone. Several speed measuring devices were used in the survey to automatically measure and record the operating speed and volume of traffic at various locations. At the same time, intersection legs At least one hundred (100) speed measurements were taken per measurement location and traffic direction. The weather was dry during the survey, as was the pavement surface. Statistical analyses were performed on the results. The statistical inference portion of the research included, among other things, a nonparametric test of independence and a median test to confirm the null hypothesis H0 that measurement results are independent of measurement site location. The alternative hypothesis – H1 – was confirmed in almost all cases, indicating that the speed distribution parameters are indeed affected by the location of the measurement site. The measurement sites were chosen with the traffic direction, bulb-out location, and approach and departure conditions in mind. The measurement data and statistical test results confirmed that bulb-out corners have an actual effect on speed reduction on the approach to the junction in Tempo–30 zones, enhancing the driver's ability to spot any pedestrians about to cross the street. The analysis of speed data revealed that raising the pavement by 7 cm along the traffic-calming street in the Tempo–30 zone had only a minor traffic-calming effect. With the bulb-outs in place, the vehicles parked before the junction do not obstruct the pedestrian's central vision area, thereby enlarging the pedestrian's field of vision. improving their ability to detect any approaching vehicles

Author (S) Details

Alicja Sołowczuk
West Pomeranian University of Technology, 50 Piastów Ave., 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V4/article/view/1879

Effect of the Coincidence of Interdisciplinary Actions on the Expected Speed Reduction | Chapter 2 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 4

 In an era of increasing traffic volumes, traffic calming issues appear to be fundamental challenges that link a number of related, but on the surface independent, issues involving various social groups. The fundamental issue in smaller towns and villages is ensuring traffic safety on the sections of through roads that cross their territory. Domestic and international road design guidelines recommend incorporating traffic calming devices where traffic enters a built-up area and in the center zone to reduce speeds along a road cutting through a village. Constructing traffic calming devices in transition zones is one solution. The second issue is to implement traffic calming measures in congested areas. It appears that the task should be simple and should fall under the purview of road workers. However, research and analysis into the effectiveness of traffic calming devices show that the best effect is obtained by coordinating the interdisciplinary efforts of road builders, local governments, urban planners, and many other specialists. A clear case in support of the above thesis is an example of coexisting traffic calming measures implemented in the village of Wrzosowo, Poland. The mere installation of traffic calming devices does not guarantee that the desired results will be obtained. of a traffic speed survey conducted in Poland to assess the speed reduction achieved on a section of a regional road passing through a village Speed measurements were taken three times: before the existing road was rebuilt, after the reconstruction, and after the implementation of all traffic calming elements designed by road builders and urban planners in charge of shaping the road's surroundings. The analysis of the results revealed that chicanes built in transition zones to villages, when used as the sole measure, did not provide a reduction in speed. a stream of traffic cutting through the village It was only by chance that the application of traffic calming devices and elements of road vicinity development resulted in the anticipated traffic speed reduction, thereby improving environmental conditions and local road safety. The conclusions drawn from the analysis confirm that the location of chicanes, the use of central reservation strips, and traffic barriers must be closely related to the elements of development present in the vicinity of the road, as well as the location of road signs informing motorists that they have entered a built-up area.

Author (S) Details

Dominik Kacprzak
West Pomeranian University of Technology, 50 Piastów Ave., 70-311 Szczecin, Poland

Alicja Sołowczuk
West Pomeranian University of Technology, 50 Piastów Ave., 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V4/article/view/1878

Solar Powered Autonomous Vehicle for Seed Sowing | Chapter 1 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 4

 Skilled labor is currently in short supply in the agriculture industry. Farmers must look for cutting-edge technology to help them with crop chores and increase yield. Rapid technological advancements have resulted in the development of modern agricultural practices that employ innovative technologies to address problems associated with traditional approaches. The goal of this paper is to describe the design and construction of a seed sowing vehicle powered by a solar panel and controlled by a microcontroller. The benefit of this seed sowing machine is that it can be programmed for any field conditions using microcontroller programming via PC or mobile, making it penetrating.

Author (S) Details

Dr. M. V. Ramesh
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PVP Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Kanuru, Vijayawada, India.

Prof. G. Vijay Kumar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, PVP Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Kanuru, Vijayawada, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V4/article/view/1877