A Case Report on Primary Lymphoma of Liver Showing Non-Hodgkin’s B Cell Lymphoma | Chapter 6 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 10

 Lymphoma, also known as primary lymphoma of the liver or primary hepatic lymphoma, is a common liver cancer (PHL). It's a rare form of non-lymphoma Hodgkin's that causes hepatomegaly and cholestatic jaundice symptoms. This hepatic lymphoma has a positive prognosis if it is treated properly. We present a case of a 40-year-old man with an abdominal lump in the epigastric area, consistent weight loss for the past month, and a history of fever. On (fine needle aspiration cytology) FNAC lesions in the liver, blood measurement leucocytosis was observed with moderate elevation in hepatic enzymes. A high-grade non-B Hodgkin's cell lymphoma was discovered by immunohistochemistry. The radiographic and sonographic tests were completed. On examination, secondary liver metabolites, systemic lymphoma with secondary liver involvement, and hepato-cellular carcinoma were discovered. The patient had a good response to the chemotherapy and is still being monitored.

Author (s) Details

Akshay Nigam
Department of Radiation Oncology, G. R. Medical College, Gwalior [M.P] 474001, India

Anupama Sharma
Department of Biochemistry, G. R. Medical College, Gwalior [M.P] 474001, India

Ajay Kumar Singh
Department of Biochemistry, G. R. Medical College, Gwalior [M.P] 474001, India

Sanjeev Kumar Singh
Department of Biochemistry, G. R. Medical College, Gwalior [M.P] 474001, India

Girish Chandra Sharma
Division of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University [U.P], India

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Reconstructive Options in Panurethral Stricture Disease | Chapter 5 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 10

 Long-segment urethral stricture, also known as panurethral stricture disease, is a less common lesion of the anterior urethra than bulbar stricture. It affects the different anatomic segments of the anterior urethra. The reconstructive urologist, on the other hand, faces an especially challenging surgical challenge. The aetiology differs by age and geographic area, with lichen sclerosus being the most common in some parts of the world. Previous endoscopic urethral manipulations (urethral catheterization, cystourethroscopy, and transurethral resection), previous urethral surgery, trauma, inflammation, and idiopathic are all important and significant causes. In Western or developed countries, iatrogenic causes are the most common, with lichen sclerosus being the most common in India. Several surgical procedures and variations, including those performed in one or more stages and involving adjunct tissue transfer manoeuvres, have been developed and used around the world, with varying degrees of long-term performance. Because of its efficacy and repeatability, a one-stage, minimally invasive procedure accessed via a single perineal incision has gained widespread popularity. Nonetheless, for a good outcome, the reconstructive urologist should be well-versed in the various treatment options currently available and choose the right procedure for each patient. Any urethral reconstructive procedure will eventually cause sexual dysfunction, so it's important to pay close attention to it.

Author (s) Details

Francisco E. Martins
Department of Urology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, School of Medicine, 1600-161 Lisbon, Portugal

João Felício
Department of Urology, Armed Forces Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

Natalia Martins
Department of Urology, Armed Forces Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

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Research on Non-invasive Quantitative Characterization of Skeletal Metastasis in Carcinoma Prostate by Tc99m MDP Bone Scans Using Dr. V. Siva’s Retention Ratio in Correlation with Serum PSA Levels | Chapter 4 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 10

 Background: The occurrence of skeletal metastases in patients with prostate cancer has been found to be extremely high. Multiple focal hotspots in the skeletal tissue could indicate the existence of skeletal metastasis. Multiple lesions, asymmetric distribution, and increased tracer concentration indicated that the hotspots were metastatic. Metastatic existence could not be traced to the Solitary focal spot in the bone scan. The invasive biopsy technique may only confirm or rule out the presence of metastatic disease. It was suggested and tested a new non-invasive Scintimetric characterization and assessment of skeletal hot spots in bone scans of carcinoma prostate patients.

Materials and Methods: In 75 patients with biopsy proven carcinoma prostate, bone scans were performed 4 and 24 hours after intravenous injection of 15 to 25 mCi of Tc99m Methylene Di-Phosponate with sufficient hydration using the e-cam Siemens dual head gamma camera with e-cam whole body acquisition protocol using the e-cam Siemens dual head gamma camera with e-cam whole body acquisition protocol. In 53 patients, metastatic involvement was found, while 22 were found to be negative. The serum PSA levels were calculated using information from the patient's medical history. The temporal scintimetric approach was used to characterise 185 focal hotspots in 34 patients at different locations. The general display protocol was used to pick images from both the 4 and 24 hour bone scans. The 4 and 24 hour anterior and posterior images were then selected separately using the area ratio processing protocol. The highest counts in each of the chosen regions were then tabulated. The 4/24 hr Dr. V. Siva retention ratio was then calculated by dividing the 4 hr counts of the focal hotspots by 24 hr counts, as well as Israel's 24/4 hr ratio. Similarly, the 4/24 hour retention ratio of whole body scan total counts at 4 and 24 hr scans was determined by Dr. V. Siva. The data was analysed and compared.

For Focal hot spot assessment, the mean of 4/24hr Dr. V. Siva's retention ratio was found to be 12.32 3.3 and that of 24/4hr Israel's ratio was found to be 0.08 0.02. Dr. V. Siva's 4/24 hr retention ratio was calculated by dividing total whole body counts at 4 and 24 hr whole body bone scans. It was 12.21 2.78, which was closer to the Focal hot spot retention ratio. The Metastatic positive group's Total PSA, Free PSA, and percent PSA values were 61.8, 19.2, and 26.8, respectively, while the negative group's values were 34.5, 6.8, and 12.8.

Conclusion: Scintimetric characterization of skeletal hot spots offered a non-invasive method of defining the underlying pathology and allowing for proper management decisions. The 4/24hr retention ratio of Dr. V. Siva was clinically beneficial due to its entire integer value, as opposed to Israel's 24/4hr ratio, which was in decimal value. Biopsy of the affected site accompanied by histopathological analysis demonstrated the usefulness of scintimetric characterization in inferring the metastatic existence of the lesion. The non-invasive quantitative scintimetric characterization of skeletal metastasis in Carcinoma Prostate patients, it can be concluded, deserves a place in the proper management protocol.

Author (s) Details

V. Sivasubramaniyan
Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidyagiri, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, India

K. Venkataramaniah
Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidyagiri, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, India

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The Foot Angiosomal Source-arteries as Integrated Level of Fractal Vascular Distribution in the Inferior Limb | Chapter 3 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 10

 Taylor and Palmer developed the angiosome definition, which distinguishes unique vascular territories in the human body based on topographic distribution. Centered on fractal branch distribution, this model tends to incorporate a harmonious and much larger arterial irrigation system. At precise levels of segmentation, including the angiosomal source arteries and their appended collaterals, specific arterial pathologies improve characteristic branch affectation.

The current study proposes a brief overview of six levels of arterial division in the inferior limb, including the angiosomal rank. These Levels (I - VI) were analysed (including the angiosomal Level III) and further stratified in attached tables based on subsequent perioperative angiographic observation. An examination of the angiographic characteristics of 341 chronic limb threatening ischemic (CLTI) foot wounds (Rutherford 5-6) was performed retrospectively. The more complex atherosclerotic lesions were chosen for each anatomical level, then compared to adjacent levels in the same CLTI anatomical patterns. In comparison to parallel “associate” atherosclerotic shifts, the heaviest angiographic occlusive lesions (GLASS grades “3-4”) were defined as “dominant” for each ramification. At each of the six levels of arterial branching, a distinction was made between 206 diabetic and 135 non-diabetic CLTI vascular patterns.

The dominant distribution of the occlusive disease was found to vary significantly between the two groups. In non-diabetics, specific “Level I” iliac and typical femoral lesions (10%), along with “Level II” superficial femoral (16%) and femoro-popliteal (33%) dominant occlusions, outperformed parallel iliac (2%), superficial femoral (5%), and femoro-popliteal (14%) occlusive lesions in diabetic CLTI subjects. In diabetic patients, however, “Level II” popliteal and tibial occlusions (33 percent), as well as “Level III” pedal-angiosomal (34 percent) and foot arches occlusions (12 percent), outweighed correspondent popliteo-tibial (28 percent), pedal-angiosomal (9 percent), and unique foot arches (4 percent) occlusions. Significant variations in atherosclerotic affectation of the iliac (p=0.004), femoro-popliteal (p=0.012), angiosomal branches (p0.0001), foot arches, and broad collaterals (p=0.017) between groups verified these trends.

Conclusion: The entire vascular tree of the body has a degressive distribution that is harmonic and balanced. Due to fractal and topographic distribution to the tissues, several Levels (I-VI) of inferior limb arterial repercussions may be individualised as part of a larger vascular network. Specific atherosclerotic arterial changes distinguish diabetic CLTI patients from non-diabetic CLTI patients at these Levels.

Author (s) Details

Vlad Adrian Alexandrescu
Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Princess Paola Hospital Marche-en-Famenne, IFAC/Vivalia, Belgium

Christian Ngongang
Department of General Surgery, Princess Paola Hospital Marche-en-Famenne, IFAC/Vivalia, Belgium

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Unusual Presentation of Post Viteriolage Depigmentation without Superficial and Deep Cutaneous Injury | Chapter 2 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 10

 Depigmented macules on the body of a 45-year-old male patient had been present for 6 weeks. Multiple patterned, circumscribed, depigmented macules involving the trunk and limbs were discovered during the examination. Due to close contact with a few drops of the same acid, a few punctuate and longitudinal depigmented macules were present on the right knee and leg. After a family feud, the patient reported that lesions appeared as a result of acid exposure. Dilute sulphuric acid, condensed sulphuric acid, glacial acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, dilute acetic acid, muriatic acetic acid, and sodium bisulphate were all patch tested. Hydrochloric acid was found to be the most effective of all the acids analysed.

Author (s) Details

Anupama Sharma
Department of Chemistry, Jaypee University, Anoopshahr, Bulandshahr, U.P, India

Girish C. Sharma
Department of Chemistry, Jaypee University, Anoopshahr, Bulandshahr, U.P, India

Khozema Saify
Saify Skin Clinic, Thatipur, Gwalior (M.P), India

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Lymphatic Malformation Type 6 in Three Consecutive Pregnancies: A Rare Cause of Non-Immune Hydrops | Chapter 1 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 10

 Background information: Lymphatic malformation-6 is a type of generalised lymphatic dysplasia (GLD) that causes uniform and widespread lymphedema, as well as pulmonary and intestinal lymphangiectasia, pericardial or chylothoraces effusion, and pleural effusion. It's notorious for having a high rate of non-immune hydrops fetalis, which can lead to death or full edoema revolution in the newborn.

Case Study: We present an unpublished case of a 23-year-old woman who was married non-consanguineously and had hydrops fetalis in three consecutive pregnancies due to lymphatic malformation 6. On Sanger sequencing of the foetus, a frameshift mutation in the 39 exon of the PIEZO1 gene was discovered, with two base pairs removed. We discovered that both parents were asymptomatic heterozygous carriers of this pathogenic variation after additional member research.

Conclusion: Based on the results of dorsal intrusive prenatal testing (CVS-13 weeks gestation) and mutation review, both parents were carriers of this autosomal recessive condition, with a 25% risk of recurrence, genetic counselling was suggested.

Author (s) Details

Anupama Sharma
Department of Chemistry, Jaypee University, Anoopshahr, U.P, India

Girish Chandra Sharma
Department of Chemistry, Jaypee University, Anoopshahr, U.P, India

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCMS-V10/article/view/704

Study on Decentralization of Forestry Management in Cameroon | Chapter 11 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 3

 At the end of the Rio de Janeiro Summit of June 1992 ,the forestry legislation has undergone a real revolution in Cameroon. As a result of the promulgation of Law n°94-01 on the 20th of January 1994, which established Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries Regulations, a great deal of innovation has occurred. Cameroon's entire forestry programme is driven by this rule. The creation of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, as well as council and community forests, are examples of these developments. The Cameroon government has chosen to decentralise forestry management because sustainable development is a top priority for the country.

Author (s) Details

Eloundou Jules André
University of Maroua, Cameroon.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V3/article/view/731