Scientific Investigation on the Efficacy of Isolated Nomuraea rileyi and Spinosad against Corn Pests under Laboratory and Field Conditions in Egypt | Chapter 5 | New Perspectives in Agriculture and Crop Science Vol. 2

The entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi and commercial BT spinosad were tested on some corn pests: Ostrinia nubilalis, Chilo agamemnon and Sesamia cretica under laboratory and field conditions. Results showed that the N. rileyi LC50 of O. nubilalis, C. agamemnon and S. cretica, 124, 146 and 159 conidia/ml under laboratory conditions. The corresponding figure for Spinosad was 166, 179 and 185 microgram/ ml (µg/ml. Under field conditions, results showed that during the season 2011, percentage of O. nubilalis, S. cretica and C. agamemnon infestations were significantly decreased in plots treated with N. rileyi to 25±3.2, 21±2.4 and 24±2.3 individuals after 120 days after the first application as compared to 97±3.3 in the control.  When spinosad was applied in the field, the percentage of infestations was significantly decreased to 26±3.3 as compared to 99±1.3 individuals in the control during both seasons. During the harvest season, the corn weight was significantly increased to 3822±45.6 and 3940±60.4 kg/Feddan (Feddan=2400m2) in the plots treated with the fungus N. rileyi as compared to 2810±40.9 and 2710±73.2 Kg/Feddan in the control plots. Among plots treated with spinosad the yield significantly increased to 3000±60.7 and 3129±84.1 kg/Feddan during season 2011 and 2012, respectively. 

Author (s) Details

Prof. Magda Mahmoud Amin Sabbour
Agriculture and Biological Division, Department of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

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Commercial Biogas Production from Domestic Solid Waste | Chapter 8 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 2

This chapter presents a study on the investigation of the potentials of commercial biogas production from biodegradable waste in Benin metropolis. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved characterization of solid waste generated and determination of the quantity of potential feedstock for biogas production in Benin metropolis and the second phase was determination of the amount of biogas obtainable from biodegradable waste in the metropolis. The results from the study showed that an average daily generation rate of 0.358 kg per person per day (ppd.) of solid waste is generated in study area. Food waste accounted for about 78.5% of the generated solid waste representing 0.281 kg per person per day (ppd.) and a total daily food waste generation of about 305.1 tonnes. Based on this value for food waste the obtainable biogas was estimated to be 28,836.91 m3 of biogas per day. This volume of biogas can provide cooking gas for about 26 thousand families per month in Benin metropolis or alternatively can be utilized to generate about 49.0MW of electricity per day.

Author (s) Detail

E. P. Akhator
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

D. I. Igbinomwanhia
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

A. I. Obanor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

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Simple Maximum Power Point Tracker Based on Perturb and Observe Technique for PV Module: Advanced Study | Chapter 15 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 2

For any PV module, both current and voltage vary proportionally to the load and the solar radiation level as a nonlinear relation, which causes the continuous variation of the maximum power point (MPP). Since the maximum power for a certain load can be taken from the PV module at a distinct point for each radiation level, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) can be used to follow the optimum operating point. This paper presents design and build a simple MPPT based on perturb and observe technique for a small DC load driven by a PV module. The experimental results showed that using the proposed MPPT promotes a good matching between the PV module and its load. According to the good matching, the daily output energy can be increased by about 37-42% more than that of the direct coupling between the load and the PV module.

Author(s) Details

E. T. El Shenawy
Department of Solar Energy, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

Aiat Hegazy 
Department of Solar Energy, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.  

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Deducting of Prickle Noise from Satellite Galaxy Images | Chapter 14 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 2

Images are intended to exhibit vital information and play an important role in technology and innovation. During their discovery, the main drawback of digital image is the level of noise and depletion. This article introduces a predictive model for satellite galaxy images to infer dull throb noise. The existing filtering techniques for image noise are presented and perhaps an approach is adopted by ascribing variability of pixel values to stuck up cells to discern dull throb noise. Precise image renovation is of supreme position for low-level computer vision. Many intricate refurbishment algorithms have been specified in the literature. Performance of these refurbishment algorithms differs with the nature of the image and misrepresentation. These algorithms are assessed both qualitatively or quantitatively by relating the reinstated image with the original image. The practical disadvantage of this quantifiable assessment is the requirement for the original image. This measure examines the deblurring as well as the denoising the refurbishment method. Approaches to image reconstruction can preserve image details while suppressing noise from the prickle. This technique's working standard is implemented and reviewed using MATLAB with visualization effects. Outcomes of experiments are compared with indicators of image quality.

Author(s) Details

Dr. M. Duraisamy
Department of Computer Science/Computer Application, Thiruvalluvar University College of Arts and Science, Tirupattur – 635 901, Tamil Nadu, India.  

W. Jai Singh
Department of Computer Applications, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

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Dynamic Voltage Restorer and Hybrid Active Power Filter for Power Quality Improvement: Comparative Study | Chapter 13 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 2

Power quality means maintaining the voltage, current and power within the rating as per the IEC standards and supplying it back to the consumers without any delay and interruption. But this has become a difficult task for the power industry. To improve power quality many Custom Power Device’s (CPD) are used. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a CPD which is used to improve the voltage quality. Hybrid Active Power Filter (HAPF) is used to reduce current harmonics. In this chapter DVR and HAPF are simulated for various conditions. A controller is proposed which gives voltage signals to trigger the switches of an inverter using a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) scheme. As a result, there is drastic improvement in voltage profile and also reduction in harmonics. 

Author(s) Details

Mrs. M. Sharanya
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.  

Dr. Basavaraja Banakara
Davangere University, Davangere, Karnataka, India


Dr. M. Sasikala
Godutai Engineering College for Women (GECW), Gulbarga, Karnataka, India

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Plot and Property Management (PPM): An Initiative for Smart City Implementation Using ICT | Chapter 12 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 2

The role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) improves the overall growth and economy of the country by implementing better services in smart city environment relating to the land and property. ICT implements proper management of properties through a single platform. Plot and Property Management (PPM) is a system which is made to improvise the manual system in urban areas. With the implementation of this system owner/allottees of the property can monitor the status of their application on internet. This system can reduce the rush in Estate Offices. This system brought transparency in the working of the current system. This system also increases the efficiency of the staff as compared to the earlier system.

Author(s) Details

Sapna Malik
Government College for Women, Sector-14, Panchkula, Haryana, India.

Parul Sharma
Government College for Women, Sector-14, Panchkula, Haryana, India.

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Simulation of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Process Using Aspen Hysys V9 Simulator under Steady State Operating Condition | Chapter 11 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 2

In the present research paper incorporates the steady state simulation of waste plastic thermolysis process and modelling for the conversion of hydrocarbon product from waste plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) with the assistance of Aspen Hysys V9 simulator. This simulator was used to design the pyrolytic reactor model for waste plastic thermolysis process. A Peng-Robinson thermodynamics model was employed as a fluid package of this simulation work. The simulation process of plastic pyrolysis in the simulation environment, was taking places into two stages such as i) A conversion of plastic wastes into vapour-liquid fraction (VLF) with small amount of char-residue using conversion reactor (pyrolytic reactor) and ii) separation of produced vapour-liquid fraction to pyro-gases and liquid-fuel with the aid of water tube condenser. The obtained results demonstrated that, a conversion of polystyrene into liquid fuel is up to 88.7% has been optimum value than other plastic wastes like polyethylene produced of 81.95% and polypropylene produced of 83.54 %. The simulated model can provide an inspiration to the researcher in knowing expected products and their individual component for better understanding and scale-up studies.

Author(s) Details

T. Selvaganapathy
Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board, Tamilnadu, India.

Dr. R. Muthuvelayudham
Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India.

Dr. M. Jaya Kumar
Harmaya Institute of Technology, Harmaya University, Ethiopia

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