The goal of this chapter is to look at a recent breakthrough in physical chemistry, to investigate the nature of elementary particles, and to address the questions of what an elementary particle is and how it may be generated.
Author(s) Details:
Zhen-hua Mei,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of
Science and Technology, 53# Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province,
China.
Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V7/article/view/6098
The development of vacuum casting technique with directional crystallisation of the casting is the subject of this article. Layer-by-layer cooling of a casting is examined, which assures that a casting with a consistent fine-grained metal structure is formed. This effect is achieved by the cooling liquid slowly filling the cooled mould cavity due to a difference in the liquid flow rate at the inlet and outlet. A thin layer of the casting cools the metal at each point in time, ensuring consistency and fine-grained structure of the casting material, as well as the lack of shrinkage and internal tensions.
