Rural Criminology in Africa: Historical Evolution and Contemporary Challenges | Chapter 4 | Rural Justice in Africa: Rethinking Crime, Policing and Community Security in Marginalised Spaces

 

Rural crime in Africa has been largely overlooked in criminological research, despite its significant impact on the safety, development, and livelihoods of rural communities. These areas face unique challenges such as poverty, land disputes, weak law enforcement presence, and environmental degradation, which drive a wide range of criminal activities, including livestock theft, poaching, human trafficking, and illegal mining. This article aims to analyse the evolving nature of rural crime in Africa by examining its causes, forms, and impacts. It seeks to distinguish rural crime from urban crime, assess how socio-economic and structural factors influence criminality in rural areas, and propose context-sensitive strategies for crime prevention and policy intervention. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative research. The study includes a review of existing literature, case studies from selected rural communities, and interviews with key stakeholders such as law enforcement officers, policymakers, and community leaders. This comprehensive methodology allows for both theoretical and practical insights into rural crime dynamics. The study finds that poverty, unemployment, and resource conflicts are the primary drivers of rural crime in Africa. Vulnerable populations, especially women and children, are disproportionately affected. Resource-based crimes linked to environmental degradation are on the rise, revealing the intersection between ecological and criminal issues. Rural communities often rely on informal justice systems due to limited access to formal policing and legal services. The findings underscore the need for interdisciplinary and community-centred approaches to rural crime prevention. Strengthening community policing, integrating informal justice mechanisms, and addressing socio-economic inequalities are critical. The article calls for expanded criminological research on rural areas, policy reforms that reflect the unique needs of rural populations, and collaborative frameworks that promote rural development, human rights, and sustainable security.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-88417-88-4/CH4

Empowering Rural Communities: Insights from North-East India | Chapter 7 | Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 3

Rural development, as a whole, refers to the measures and initiatives done to raise the standard of living in rural areas, outlying towns, and isolated villages. These neighborhoods can be identified by their small population density relative to open space. Poverty, on the other hand, is a socioeconomic phenomenon in which a segment of society is unable to meet even its most basic needs. The bare necessities for humans include food, clothing, housing, education, and other necessities of life. The government (Central) has embraced the concept of cluster development to revitalize the existing small and rural enterprises. This will give the company a competitive advantage in three separate ways: through increased productivity, innovation, and the creation of new businesses. The Indian government provides total funding for NESIDS. The program provides funding for initiatives including the construction of physical infrastructure for the delivery of water, electricity, communication, and tourism. Additionally, it emphasizes social infrastructure important to health and education.

 

Author(s) Details

Poulami Ray

ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.

 

Ajmer Singh

ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.

 

Bhagirath Das

ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute-Assam, Dirpai, Gogamukh, Assam, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/bmerp/v3/1614

Rooted in Bamboo: Uncovering the Lives of Rinconada's Craft Community and Unlocking Its Global Potential | Chapter 10 | Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 8

For more than 30 years, the bamboo craft business in Rinconada District, Camarines Sur, Philippines, has thrived as a local source of income. Using a researcher-developed questionnaire, this descriptive survey research sheds light on the industry's landscape by profiling its key players: bamboo growers and craft processors. Likewise, the research identified critical issues related to bamboo supply and, thereafter, proposed strategies for improving the industry's current state. The bamboo growers are predominantly middle-aged men with families, with a significant portion having completed elementary education. Their small-scale plantations, typically less than a hectare, yield 100- 500 bamboo poles and focus solely on the "Kawayang tinik" or Bambusa blumeana species. Meanwhile, the bamboo craft processors are mostly experienced artisans operating as sole proprietors for over a decade. Their focus lies in creating utilitarian bamboo crafts. However, they face a critical challenge in securing high-quality raw materials, which directly impacts the quality of their finished products. This highlights a key area requiring attention to ensure the industry's continued success. By implementing key recommendations and potentially seeking collaborations with global organizations and initiatives focused on sustainable bamboo development, the Rinconada District bamboo craft industry can strengthen its position, improve product quality, contribute significantly to the local economy, and align itself with the growing global market for sustainable and eco-friendly products.

Author(s) Details:

Ruby Jane S. Gonzales,
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Philippines.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAASS-V8/article/view/14290

Income and Employment Pattern of MNREGA Programme in District Sant Kabir Nagar: A Recent Study | Chapter 03 | New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 4

 Seventy-five respondents were chosen from a block of the district for the study, which was done using a purposive cum random sampling approach. The information gathered through personal interviews was categorised, tallied, and analysed in light of the study's goals. MGNREGA is a beneficiary plan that aims to improve the socioeconomic status of the majority of rural families in the study region. MNREGA's most notable characteristic is that it compensates women equally as men, which was previously unthinkable in rural India. The majority of respondents appear to be pleased with the scheme's income and employment benefits, and they intend to seek it out again in the future. The salaries and job assignments offered to the households are satisfactory, and MGNREGA is improving livelihood security in the research region.

Author(S) Details

Ambrish Kumar Verma
CSAUA&T, Nawabganj, Kanpur – 208002, India.

Bhartendu Yadav
CSAUA&T, Nawabganj, Kanpur – 208002, India.

Anil Sachan
CSAUA&T, Nawabganj, Kanpur – 208002, India.

Akash
CSAUA&T, Nawabganj, Kanpur – 208002, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NIEBM-V4/article/view/5330