River Water Chemistry in Romania: An Overview | Chapter 5 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 5

A comprehensive overview of the surface water status of Romania has been done by evaluating five main river streams. In this context, waters sampled from five different locations of Romanian rivers were examined to study the chemical composition of macro elements, heavy metals, respectively rare earths elements (REEs). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to highlight the variation of representative variables among target rivers: Aries, Somes, Mures, Olt, and Prut. The association between analytical techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) followed by supervised chemometric methods (linear discriminant analysis-LDA) proved to be a very useful association, able to highlight interesting information about data variation from these rivers. The ICP-MS analytical technique is suitable for analyzing microelements, toxic elements, and rare earth elements (REEs) at very low levels in surface river water samples. This approach, followed by interpretation and data preparation with chemometric methods, represents a step forward to a more comprehensive and realistic analytical data interpretation. The concentrations of most heavy metals in water were classified as average annual value ranges. Some trends of decreasing or, in other case, increasing were observed for particular our items, as follows: Olt River had the highest maximum values, followed by Prut River and Mures River. Somes River had the smallest inorganic loadings on the opposite side, with no maximum mean detected values. Determination of REEs in various environmental samples is essential because it can be used to create a sample fingerprint. Monitoring river water quality is an indispensable part of water management, where river water might serve as the sole water resource for different purposes.

 

Author (s) Details

Cezara Voica
National Institute for Research and Development for Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

 

Olivian Marincas
Environmental Health Center, Part of ALS, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Ioana Feher
National Institute for Research and Development for Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

 

Andreea Maria Iordache
National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies—ICSI, Ramnicu Vâlcea, Romania.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v5/4863

Step-By-Step Design and Calculations for Water Treatment Plant Units: A Recent Study | Chapter 4 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 Due to its critical function in residential and drinking purposes, this work offered the design methods and calculations for each unit of the water treatment plant (WTP). By calculating water demand and developing the unit process, it also illustrated and created the procedures of the water processing units. The goals of this project were to assess a community's water demand and to give design stages and calculations for the required units of a WTP. For the selected location in Erbil City, Iraq, the design of the WTP units was applied to Greater-Zab River water. The quality and amount of water in the Greater-Zab River were statistically examined and displayed at various times. Intake, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, adsorption (optional), filtration, disinfection, storage, and pumping were the units of the treatment processes. The average discharge and population used for the WTP design were 60,000 m3/day and 200,000, respectively, according to the calculations and detailed drawings of the units. Furthermore, some of the parameters had to be estimated as field data, which was taken into account during the calculation. The WTP's outline results for each unit were tabulated. The WTP design was influenced by the quality and amount of the surface water source. It can be concluded that this research can be used to build other WTP units. The removal effectiveness of the WTP units was greatly influenced by a number of factors including the age of the WTP, maintenance, economic and political conditions, technical issues, and water demand.

Author(s) Details

Shuokr Qarani Aziz
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University–Erbil, Iraq.

Jwan Sabah Mustafa
Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, General Directorate of Dams and Reservoirs, Erbil, Iraq.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-4/article/view/1051