Cardiovascular Manifestations of Covid-19 | Chapter 10 | Clinical Manifestations of Covid-19: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach

 

COVID-19 enters the human cell via angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 which is prevalent in the heart, lungs and blood vessels and as such, it’s cardinal manifestations are found in these organs. Cough and difficulty in breathing are the commonest cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19. Other manifestations include chest pain, arrhythmias, thromboembolic events, heart failure, myocarditis and adult respiratory distress syndrome. Physicians have to be on the look out for these cardiovascular manifestations and address them, as COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular manifestations have a 5 fold higher mortality rate.

 

Author(s) Details:

 

Patrick Oyigebe Idoko
Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

 

Velji Samuel Gomerep
Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.

 

Oladimeji Adebayo
Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan / Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-973195-5-6/10

The Chest and Radiological Features of Covid-19 | Chapter 9 | Clinical Manifestations of Covid-19: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach

 

Originally reported as a respiratory disease, but with more understanding of the condition, systemic components have been fairly described. Features could be mild, moderate and severe. SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to bind ACE 2 receptors which ultimately results and in an eventual ARDS due to increased pulmonary surface tension.

Radiologic features are essential of the chest and serve as surrogate diagnostic markers and for prognostication. Computed tomography (CT) is the radiological test. Conventional X-ray on the other hand is less sensitive and specific compared to the former but usually, it is the first-line imaging modality used for suspected Covid-19 cases. Findings may be normal in early or mild disease severe cases show abnormal signs which may be categorized as probable/classic, intermediate for Covid-19, non-Covid-19, or normal (note that normal does not exclude Covid-19). These abnormalities are usually bilateral, involving the lower lobes with predominant air space opacification, interstitial infiltrates, or patchy consolidation.

 

Author(s) Details:

 

Kenis Shedrack Felangu
X-Ray Group, A Subsidiary of Integral Diagnostics, Victoria, Australia.

 

Chidozie Valentine Adiukwu
Pulmonology Subdivision Department of Internal Medicine, Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nigeria.

 

Abdulkarim Ibrahim Dahiru
National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), Nasarawa State Office, Nigeria.

 

Khadija Abimbola Abdulraheem
Department of Medical Microbiology, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria.

 

Ugochukwu Anthony Eze
Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria and Honorary Supervisor University of Edinburgh Masters of Surgery Program in Clinical Ophthalmology, United Kingdom.

 

Please see the book here:  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-973195-5-6/CH9