Determination of Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes and Genotypes in E. coli Isolates in Pigs in West Romanian Grower Farms | Chapter 2 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 The present study investigated genes normally associated with plasmid carriage in terms of differential phenotypic resistance profiles and evaluated the contribution of selected resistance genes to the phenotypic expression of susceptibility and resistance. Antibiotics are widely used for prophylaxis and therapy, reducing morbidity and mortality produced by bacterial pathogensin pigs, including infections caused by Escherichia coli. Differential phenotypic susceptibility profiles and the contribution of resistance genes to phenotypic expression of susceptibility or resistance were evaluated. A total of 76 E. coli isolates were identified and confirmed by the MicroScan Walk Away System. The occurrence of four resistance genes, ampC, blaZ, blaTEM and tetK in strains resistant to 13 antibiotics was assessed. Of the E. coli isolates, 0% showed resistance to meropenem, 3.9% to tigecycline and 10.5% to piperacillin / tazobactam, whereas, in contrast, 100% were resistant to ampicillin and mezlocillin, 76.31% to piperacillin and 59.3% to tetracycline. The prevalence of resistance genes in resistant isolates detected by q-PCR analysis was 97.0% for ampC, 96% for blaZ, 32.9% for blaTEM and 58.8% for tetK. Penetrance (the proportion of individuals carrying a particular variant of a gene that also expresses an associated trait) was 50% for ampC (32% for amoxicillin/ clavulanate, 62% for cefazolin, 32% for cefepime, 100% for cefotaxime, 56% for cefuroxime and 99% for ampicillin), 65% for blaZ (32% for amoxicillin/clavulanate and 99% for ampicillin), 51% for blaTEM (81% for piperacillin) and 44% for the tetK gene (83% for tetracycline). The result of phenotypic antibiotic resistance testing may indicate the presence of plasmid-borne resistance, with a diagnostic odds ratio of a positive phenotypic resistance for tetK being 4.52. As a management decision, the maximum penetrance admitted for using a specific antibiotic for E. coli infections in pigs is recommended to be less than 20%. The correlation of phenotypic and genotypic resistance with a limited number of plasmid-mediated resistance genes points to the value of penetrance (percentage of strains showing resistance as a phenotype compared with the number showing the resistance genotype) as a parameter which may be used as guidance for a more accurate targeting of chemotherapy for E. coli.

Author(s) Details:

Bianca Cornelia Lungu,
Horia Cernescu Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences King Michael I, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.

Ioan Hutu,
Ioan Hutu (Associate Professor of Animal Breeding and Production)

Paul Andrew Barrow,
Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan, Timur, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V4/article/view/13998

Iron Levels in Amaranthus Varieties | Chapter 5 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 4

 Beef has enhance high quality livestock brand and its demand is steadily increasing in developed countries with its own government. Use of innovative forage result techniques is need of period to cater the increasing demand of animals raised on a farm products. A study was designed in Republic of Korea to judge the influence of intercropping triticale with legumes under various manure levels for optimum scour yield and carrying capacity of Hanwoo complaint cattle in a split plot design accompanying 3 main and 4 sub-plots. Triticale was cultivated as monocrop, assorted cropped with dangerous vetch and winter emerald in color under 3 main plots. Four manure levels were also judged under 4 sub-plots: 0 kg N (nitrogen)/ha (control), 50, 100 & 150 kg N/ha. The collected dossier were analyzed utilizing general linear model process through Statistical Analysis Software. Findings showed that intercropping blueprint with little manure use is an innovative approach for higher rummage yield under limited land money. The optimum yield of triticale-hairy vetch and triticale-cold pea could be endure application of fertilizer at 50 kg N/ha level, whereas optimum coarse protein yield and Hanwoo carrying capacity maybe achieved even outside manure application. Possible reason behind best forage yield might be effective rhizobial symbiosis betwixt two cereal and leguminous intercropped species. Additionally, fertilizer application might play meaningful role in upholding nutrient balance and soil physical possessions. It was concluded based on verdicts that adequate rummage yield can be achieved for complaint cattle through intercropping cereal crops; triticale accompanying legumes (hairy vetch and cold pea) under 50 kg N/ha cattle fertilizer level.

Author(s) Details:

Donald Mandani Chisowa,
Department of Animal Science, Southern University, P. O. Box-60293, Livingstone, Zambia.

Gladys Kambalami,
Department of Science, Batoka Secondary School, P. O. Box-630121, Choma, Zambia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V4/article/view/10111