The River That Can’t Breathe: Domestic Waste Disposal and Broken Ecosystems in Thenpennai | Chapter 4 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 8

 

Water, which nearly makes up the entire Globe, is the most basic natural resource and is necessary for life. Therefore, its quality and distribution play an important role. Riverine system pollution has been a major problem as it has an impact on the aquatic organisms in the rivers and the lives that depend on them. The lack of adequate surface water quality protection measures and poor sanitation practices have made river body pollution a serious concern. Thenpennai River is one among them where the soil and water of the river have been polluted due to the disposal of waste. The main objective of this study is to assess the water quality and to screen the amount of domestic waste present in the river, which is the major cause of water pollution. This study analyses the physiochemical parameters of soil and water due to the dumping of waste. The study also evaluates the amount of Biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes. Water and soil samples were collected monthly from two sites (Site 1 and Site 2) between November 2023 and January 2024. Results obtained from the samples of the Thenpennai River show elevated variations from the standard values. The significance t-test was performed. Findings show that the pH levels at both sites remained within WHO permissible limits, with slight variation observed at Site 1 and stable readings at Site 2. Elevated Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were recorded at both sites, with Site 1 showing higher values. BOD and COD levels at Site 2 remained within WHO permissible limits with minimal variation, while Site 1 showed elevated COD and BOD levels exceeding standards. The mean pH value of the soil sample was 8.15, which is higher than the standard value. Based on statistical evidence, non-biodegradable waste has been seen as a main cause of pollution that creates a threat to the ecosystem and may have a major impact on human health. It has also been determined that the contamination in soil and water samples is due to organic and inorganic wastes, which result from inappropriate disposal of waste materials. Therefore, the sample site of the Thenpennai River is unsuitable for human consumption and for the cultivation of fish. This study underscores the urgent need for corrective measures to improve water quality for future sustainability.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Abinaya S
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

L. Shakila
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Reiana Jenifer S
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Sowmiya S
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v8/6436

Investigation of Physico-chemical Properties and Evaluation of the Sensory Attributes of Kithul (Caryota urens) Treacle to Determine the Adulteration | Chapter 8 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 5

 Kithul treacle is a popular traditional sweetener in Sri Lanka, not only because of its delicious taste, but also because of its nutritional worth and health advantages. As a result, Kithul treacle has been tainted by the addition of table sugar, tarnishing its reputation as a low-GI sweetener. Its authenticity has been difficult due to the various types of adulteration and the lack of appropriate analytical procedures to detect adulterations. The goal of this study was to develop adequate analytical methods for detecting table sugar adulteration of Kithul treacle. Pure Kithul treacle was gathered from registered tappers under the Ministry of Export Agriculture in three geographical areas (Matale, Kandy, and Rathnapura), and samples were contaminated with table sugar syrup at various proportions (5 percent , 10 percent , 15 percent , 20 percent , and 25 percent ). For pure Kithul treacle, the samples were evaluated for physicochemical parameters, yielding mean values of pH 5.58, free acidity 0.33, Brix value 69.36, moisture content 23.52 percent, electrical conductivity 474.22, and reducing sugar 68.81. The findings demonstrate that all metrics differ considerably between pure and contaminated Kithul treacle, and that many of the commercial samples taken from local markets in the study area are of good quality and meet national and international standard limits. According to the Codex Standard, treacle should not include more than 0.5 percent acidity and no more than 30% moisture content. All of the samples that were tested met the above-mentioned two criteria. However, several Kithul treacle samples gathered from local marketplaces revealed higher levels of specific characteristics than recommended in physicochemical tests, indicating that certain sellers perform some level of adulteration.

Author(s) Details

J. A. A. C. Wijesinghe
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura,Gonawila. NWP, KG 60170, Sri Lanka.

R. M. K. G. D. M. Rathnayake
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP), 60170, Sri Lanka.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAFS-V5/article/view/1138

Critical Assessment of Groundwater Quality around Abandoned Quarry Ponds near Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria | Chapter 5 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 6

 A field study on the Ground Water Quality Assessment of Abandoned Quarry Ponds near Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria, was conducted to determine how past quarrying activities affected the ponds. From four abandoned quarry ponds measuring fifty metres (50 m) (165 ft) deep, water samples were obtained. In-situ measurements to determine pH , temperature, total dissolved solids, turbidity , conductivity, and salinity were performed with the HORIBA U-10 Water Quality Checker. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation (r) and homogeneity checks (ANOVA). Important differences in the physiochemical parameter concentrations calculated [F (19.27) > F crit (2.37)] were observed at P < 0.05 and sodium, conductivity, sulphate and calcium carbonate were most responsible for the inequality observed. Nitrate was positively associated with turbidity(r=0.942) and sulphate Positively correlated with total solids dissolved (r=0.942) while turbidity positively correlated with total solids dissolved (r=0.930) and (r=0.964) at P<0.01. The results of the analysis include elevated amounts of physiochemical parameters in hand excavated wells, which are therefore a significant risk to customers. Rising pond water and groundwater contact, and the subsequent groundwater contamination in the study areas, are the near surface water table and rock over-breaking due to unregulated blasting. Therefore, before leaving, the quarry operators have to reclaim the pits or provide for the reclamation.

Author (s) Details

Franklyn Chukwudi N. Mbaneme
Department of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

G. C. Okoli
Department of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

Emmanuel C. Obiano|
Awka North Local Government Council, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Ebelechukwudi Obianuju Mbaneme
Department of Science Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/281