Prevalence of Hydatid Cysts Harboured in Bovine Slaughtered in Selected Abattoirs: A Case Study from Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria | Chapter 8 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 1

 This stage aimed to determine the predominance, risk factors and being of cystic hydatidosis in bovine slaughtered in four picked abattoirs within Kaduna metropolis. Hydatidosis is cystic parasitosis created by a larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus accompanying immense economic and community health significance. As to many additional parasitic infections, the biological clock of Echinococcus infection is complex which demands two mammalian hosts (middle and definitive hosts) for the completion of allure life cycle. A cross-sectional study was attended to evaluate the predominance, organ distribution and traits of hydatid cysts in cattle slaughtered at Kaduna Metropolis killing place. A total of 160 cattle at slaughter point, namely 40 from each abattoir were carelessly sampled and examined for the attendance of the hydatid cysts.Out of the 160 cattle examined (40 each abattoir), 21 (12.2 %) were found to harbor apparent hydatid cysts. Significantly higher contamination (p < 0.05) was detected in cattle accompanying poor body environments than animals accompanying moderate and fat body condition score. Animals used were all women. Cysts were found to be delivered in the lung, liver, sort, spleen and heart in this manner: 42.9%, 38.0%, 4.76%, 9.50% and 4.76% respectively. According to the study, hydatidosis is a serious condition moving cattle in Kaduna and the encircling areas. It may influence significant commercial losses since stirred animals lose weight and endure organ damage.Out of 36 hydatid cysts checked, 17 (47.22%), 14 (38.88%) and 5 (13.88%) were found to be narrow, medium and large- sized individually. Likewise, out of 36 cysts determined, 18 (50%) were fertile, 4 (11.11%) sterile and 14 (38.8%) were hardened. Of the 18 fertile cysts subjected for animation test, 12 (27.7%) were viable while, 8(22.2%) were non-reasonable. Health workers should be enabled to enlighten the abattoirs movement on the claim of hydatidosis transmission. They should still increase inspection visits and monitoring of abattoirs exercises to avoid criminal consumption of hydatid infected tools.Anti–helminthic drugs should be made accessible to the bovine growers in order to eliminate the dependents.

Author(s) Details:

Deborah Madi Dibal,
Department of Biological Sciences, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria.

Anthony Philip Vantsawa,
Department of Biological Sciences, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria.

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Seasonal Variations of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Different Organs of Carassius auratus (Gibelio, Bloch, 1782) Fish, Caught at Al-Hammar Marsh, Southern Iraq | Chapter 3 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 8

 The bioaccumulation of certain heavy metals: Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Pb in different organs: muscles, gills, ovary, and kidney of carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch,1982) caught from waters of Al-Hammar marsh, Southern part of Iraq, was studied using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for the period Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2016, one cruse per month. Fe was found in high concentrations in all of the organs tested and throughout the seasons, with the largest concentrations occurring during the two winter months. Co and Cu were found in moderate amounts in the organs of Carassius auratus gibelio, although Ni and Pb were not. were the last to arrive. The gills and liver, on the other hand, accumulated the most heavy metals, while the muscles and ovary accumulated the least. The accumulation of heavy metals in the organs of carassius auratus gibelio fish from Hor Al-Hammar, Iraq's southern marshes, follows the Fe> Co > Cu > Ni > Pb trend. The results of metal concentrations in several organs of the fish Carassius auratus gibelio demonstrated that the Hor Al-Hammar marsh ecosystems are free of harmful metals Ni and Pb.

 Author(s) Details

Faris J. M. Al-Imarah
Department of Chemistry and Marin Environmental Pollution, Marine Science Centre, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.

Ghassan A. Al-Najar
Department of Marine Invertebrate, Marine Science Centre, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.

Abbas A. Hantoosh
Department of Chemistry and Marin Environmental Pollution, Marine Science Centre, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.

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Seasonal Variations in the Concentrations of Chemical Elements in the Organs of Selected Marine Fishes from the International Iraqi Waters, NW Arabian Gulf | Chapter 4 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 8

 Six different marine fish species: Cynoglossus arel, Carangoides chrysophrys, Euryglossa orientalis, Sardinella longiceps, Siganus canaliculatus, and Parastromateus niger were collected from fishing areas within the international waters of Iraq in the top of the Arabian Gulf located between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to investigate the accumulation of certain heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn All of the metals tested were found to accumulate at various amounts in the body. Zn and Fe were found to be the most abundant metals in various organs of the investigated fishes, while Pb was the least abundant. Other metals such as Cd, Cu, Mn, and Ni were alternately used in all organs and throughout the year. Despite having high amounts of Zn and Fe and being unaffected by ambient contaminants, the accumulation of heavy metals in their muscles was relatively modest.

Author(s) Details

Faris J. M. Al-Imarah
Department of Chemistry and Marine Environmental Pollution, Marine Science Center Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.


Ghassan A. Al-Najar
Department of Marine Invertebrate, Marine Science Center, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.


Mohammad Al-Doghachi
Department of Marine Invertebrate, Marine Science Center, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.


Abbas A. Hantoosh
Department of Chemistry and Marine Environmental Pollution, Marine Science Center Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.



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Proteasome and Organs Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Review | Chapter 7 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 10

 Organ failure needs the transplanting of functional organs from donors to treat patients. The development of organ preservation solutions enhanced transplantation methodology over time. Ischemia occurs when organs are stored in preservation solutions, resulting in a lack of oxygen and nutrition, which damages the tissues. When the organ is ready for transplantation, reperfusion promotes tissue damage by increasing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. The success of transplanting is decreasing. The inclusion of a proteasome inhibitor in the preservation solution, on the other hand, reduced the damage caused by the ischemia-reperfusion process. The proteasome is a protein structure that regulates inflammation and aids in the removal of damaged proteins. The purpose of this review is to outline the proteasome's involvement in protecting organs from ischemia-reperfusion injury, as well as the pharmaceutical substances that regulate the proteasome. The success of transplanting is decreasing. The inclusion of a proteasome inhibitor in the preservation solution, on the other hand, reduced the damage caused by the ischemia-reperfusion process. The proteasome is a protein structure that regulates inflammation and aids in the removal of damaged proteins. The purpose of this review is to outline the proteasome's involvement in protecting organs from ischemia-reperfusion injury, as well as the pharmaceutical substances that regulate the proteasome.

Author (s) Details

Joan Oliva
Clinical Research Department, Emmaus Medical, Torrance, CA 90503, USA.

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAB-V10/article/view/2136

Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cell on Organ Ischemia-reperfusion Injury: A Review | Chapter 6 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 10

 The scarcity of organ donors is a big global issue. Organ failure necessitates the use of functional organ transplants. Organs are kept for varying periods of warm and cold ischemia time, which necessitates their placement in a preservation device. The organs are damaged during ischemia and reperfusion due to a lack of oxygen during the ischemia step and oxidative stress during the reperfusion step. To avoid or reduce the severity of injuries, many approaches have been created. Cold static preservation solutions, which comprise the inclusion of numerous chemical compounds, were initially created to maximise cold static preservation. Injuries to the organ Mesenchymal stem cells (such as bone marrow stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, and umbilical cord stem cells) have been shown to be effective in the healing of damaged organs. The use of bone marrow stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, and umbilical cord stem cells to prevent or reduce ischemia-reperfusion damage will be the focus of this review.

 
Author (s) Details

Joan Oliva
Clinical Research Department, Emmaus Medical, Torrance, CA 90503, USA.

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAB-V10/article/view/2136