Implications of Manuring and Crop Rotation on Crop Productivity and Soil Properties in the Highlands of Ethiopia | Book Publisher International

Soil nutrient depletion has been the greatest concern for decades for Ethiopian agriculture. The most important soil physico-chemical properties are below the critical level to support crop growth. Inappropriate crop and soil management practices are the causes of soil depletion. Overlaying of synthetic fertilizer, removal of crop residue, continuous cropping and low levels of organic manure use are the deep-rooted challenges of the agro-ecosystem of the highlands of Ethiopia. Hence experiments were initiated with the aim of investigation of the effect of long-term organic fertilizer application and sound rotation pattern on the productivity of crops and soil quality parameters. Four levels of organic treatments and five levels of crop rotations were arranged factorially and laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The organic treatments include V1 = 0 t/ha farmyard manure (FYM); V2 = 2.5 t/ha fresh sesbania biomass (FSB); V3 = 5 t/ha FYM and V4 = 5 t/ha FYM + 2.5 t/ha FSB. Whereas the crop rotations were R1 = wheat-clover-potato; R2 = clover-wheat under sown lupine-potato; R3 = potato-clover-wheat; R4 = wheat under sown lupine-potato under sown lupine-wheat and R5 = lupine-potato under sown lupine-wheat. The rotation pattern of wheat-faba bean-potato and 1 t/ha FYM was also used as farmers' practice without the factorial combination. Data of plant height and grain yield of wheat; marketable and unmarketable yield of potato and fresh and dry biomass yield of clover were recorded to measure the agronomic performance of each crop. In addition, the cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil reaction (pH), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), soil organic carbon (SOC) and bulk density of experimental soil were analyzed and recorded following the standard methods before commencing and at the end of the experiment. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using General Linear Model (GLM) procedures. The experimental results showed that the types of preceding crops and the levels of organic treatments greatly influenced the performance of each crop and physico-chemical properties of experimental soil. The productivity of potato, wheat and clover showed incredible variation in response to the variation of the organic treatments and crop rotation patterns. The yields of potato, wheat, and clover increased three to four times in response to effective crop rotation patterns and organic treatments compared to their respective untreated controls. Similarly, the organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, and bulk density of the experimental soil showed significant improvements with organic matter application and crop rotation. In general, maximum crop yield and soil quality improvement are obtained at the maximum level of organic treatments and sound rotation patterns. Hence it could be concluded that organic matter applications of 5 t/ha FYM + 2.5 t/ha FSB and the respective sound rotation pattern of each crop be viewed as alternative soil fertility management options at Awi climatic and soil conditions.

 

Author (s) Details

Agegnehu Shibabaw
Adet Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia.

 

Getachew Alemayehu
Bahir Dar University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Ethiopia.

 

Enyew Adgo
Bahir Dar University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Ethiopia.

 

Folkard Asch
University of Hohenheim, Germany.

 

Bernhard Freyer
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48119-36-0

ICSSR Scheme of Economic Analysis and Supply Chain Efficiency of Organic vs. Inorganic Farming for Vellore GI Spiny Brinjal | Chapter 4 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

This study investigates the economic analysis of Vellore GI Spiny Brinjal cultivated through both organic and inorganic farming methods in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. Organic farming systems have gained popularity due to their sustainability benefits and resource conservation, which can reduce output costs by 10% to 30% compared to conventional farming. Vellore GI Spiny Brinjal, recognized for its unique characteristics and recent Geographical Indication (GI) tag, serves as a focal point for this analysis. The study collected primary data from 25 organic and 25 inorganic farmers, as well as from various market participants. Cost and return analyses revealed that the total cultivation cost per acre is Rs. 90,482 for organic and Rs. 77,322 for inorganic methods. Despite higher cultivation costs, organic farming proved more profitable with a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1.59 compared to 1.35 for inorganic farming. Marketing channel analysis showed that the primary distribution pathways involved wholesalers and retailers, with organic brinjal channels displaying higher efficiency. Price spread and marketing efficiency calculations indicated that Channel II was the most efficient for both farming methods due to fewer intermediaries and lower consumer prices. Overall, the study underscores the economic viability of organic farming for Vellore GI Spiny Brinjal, highlighting its potential for higher profitability and marketing efficiency.

 

Author (s) Details

 

A Malaisamy
Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

S Arun
Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v6/3519

Organic Farming: Strategies for a Resilient and Sustainable Future | Chapter 5 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

Organic farming has emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional agriculture, emphasizing environmental health, biodiversity, and sustainable resource use. This paper explores the foundational principles of organic farming, its diverse techniques, and the multifaceted benefits it offers. It also highlights the challenges that organic farmers face, especially in scaling and economic viability, and discusses the role of organic practices in enhancing climate resilience. By examining global case studies from different countries like Zimbabwe, Vietnam, Kenya, Himalayan Region, we demonstrate the successful application of organic farming and explore its future potential in fostering food security and ecological harmony.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ranjita Priyadarshini Biswal
Department of Chemistry, KIIT Polytechnic, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Tanushree Das
Nano Innovation Laboratory, School of IKST, KISS (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Bikram Keshari Das
Nano Innovation Laboratory, School of IKST, KISS (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v7/3917

An Overview of Organic Farming in India and its Role in Sustainable Agriculture | Chapter 6 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

 Organic farming shows a method of agricultural result that endeavours to uphold and improve the innate equilibrium of the surroundings. In alternative terms, this method of farming relies on the exercise of fertilizers that are derived from wholly everyday sources popular as organic fertilizers. The conventional designs of farming encompass the use of chemical fertilizers and injurious pesticides that result in notable harmful belongings on the environment. Consequently, this technique of land production is working to generate uncontaminated livelihood for consumers, while simultaneously supporting soil richness and promoting ecological equilibrium. Organic farming has arose as a promising help conventional farming, presenting the potential to address issues related to quality and preservation. Moreover, organic farming practices advance debt-free operation. This alternative land approach confers both country and environmental benefits by implementing procedural modifications and strategic administration of agricultural systems. Organic farming boasts many advantages for two together developed nations and underdeveloped countries like India. In developing countries, organic farming advances sustainable system utilization, augmented crop yields outside excessive reliance on costly external inputs, in addition to the safeguarding of the environment and biodiversity lineaments. The decrement of silt levels in a product serves to mitigate energy risks to both humans and mammals. It aids in claiming agro ecosystems' productivity at a tenable rate. Organic farming is a form of crop production that prioritizes the nourishment of soil over the augmenting of individual plants, thereby dropping off the cost of agricultural production while together enhancing soil fitness.

Author(s) Details:

Kaushlendra Mani Tripathi,
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda, U.P.-210001, India.

Deo Kumar,
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda, U.P.-210001, India.

Shailendra Kumar Mishra,
Department of Agriculture Entomology, Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda, U.P.- 210001, India.

Subedar Singh,
Faculty of Agriculture, Motherhood University, Uttarakhand, India.

Shwetank Shukla,
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, NDUAT, Ayodhya, U.P., India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V5/article/view/11139

Impact of Organic Farming on Agronomic Crops Productivity, Grain Quality and Antioxidant Activity | Chapter 8 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 4

 The purpose of the study is to understand the effect of chemical or organic fertilizer mechanisms on the physicochemical properties of rice grain, starch pasting properties and antioxidant characteristics. In the same way, the development improvements in the finger millet crop are brought on by some of the indigenous liquid organic manure. For rice, a 2-year study was conducted on common Japonica cultivars, i.e., Kaohsiung No. 139 and Taikeng No.16, which were grown in Taiwan twice a year. The findings highlighted that environmental influences had the least effect on physicochemical properties and showed that they were genetically inherited. In organic farming, major pasting characteristics such as peak viscosity, setback value and pasting temperature improved, but no significant changes except aroma in rice were recorded in further analysis of eating and cooking quality. Increased accumulation of secondary metabolites (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), flavonoid content, and ferrous chelating capacity) has been shown to be better for organically grown rice. In short, organics played a role in modifying certain metabolic conditions in grains, but in agronomic practices in rice, genetic characteristics and climate have a major influence with least variation. Compared with other organic sources, the role of chemical fertilizer in finger millet performance was high.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Amit Kesarwani
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar -263145, India.

Sweta Shikta Mahapatra
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar -263145, India.

Professor (Dr.) Shih Shiung Chen
Department of Natural Biotechnology, Nanhua University, Chiayi, Taiwan – 62249, R.O.C.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V4/issue/view/13

Organic Farming from Farmers Point of View: A Case Study in Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh | Chapter 14 | Research and Development in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 

The main purpose of the study was to evaluate farmers socio-economic status, attitude and
relationship among them towards organic farming. A simple random sampling technique was used to
select 40 respondents. Attitude of respondents toward organic farming was measured with twenty
statements using five point likert type scales. To explore the relationship between the concerned
variables correlation coefficient (r) was computed. Majority of the respondents were male (90%),
average age was 44 years. 45% respondents were illiterate, had average 4 years of farming
experience. Majority of the respondents (80%) had positive attitude towards organic farming.
Relatives and Extension Agents were found as the main information source of organic farming for
most of the respondents. Cosmopoliteness and Extension contact had positive and significant
relationship with their attitude (.461 and .377 respectively). Efforts should therefore be made to
promote and increase the practice of organic farming as promoting organic farming practice, farm
income is increased than conventional farming and Government role is highly demanded.

Author (s) Details

Mithun Kumar Ghosh
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh, Bangladesh.

Mehedi Hashan Sohel
Department of Soil Science, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh, Bangladesh.

Nazmin Ara
Faculty of Agriculture, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh, Bangladesh.

Fatima Tuj Zahara
Faculty of Agriculture, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh, Bangladesh.

Sajid Bin Nur
Faculty of Agriculture, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh, Bangladesh.

Md. Mahamudul Hasan
Faculty of Agriculture, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh, Bangladesh.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/266

Investigation on the Impact of QuEChERS and GCMS/MSTQD as Multiresidues Techniques for Determination of 74 Pesticides in Olive Farm Soil | Chapter 10 | Current Research and Development in Chemistry Vol. 3

The extraction and analytical multiresidue method, has been developed and validated for
quantification of trace levels of 74 pesticide belong to different chemical groups in organic and
conventional Olive farm soil samples (Old, medial and new olive farms which is 25, 15 and 5 years
respectively). Soil samples collected from Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia, and extracted by Quick,
Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) and analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass
Spectrometry Triple Quadrupole (GC-MS/MSTQD). The method reveals that experimental results
were highly satisfactory in respect of various analytical parameters such as linearity, recovery and
precision especially with the tested soil samples which is are complex matrixes, preparation is a
critical step, and one that is usually expensive, time-consuming, and labor intensive. The limit of
detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the analyzed pesticides were in the range of
1.01-13.91 µg kg-1 and 3.02 - 29.15 µg kg-1, respectively. Pesticide recoveries form spiked soil
samples with different pesticides ranged from 65.5 to 111.7%. The proposed method featured good
sensitivity, pesticide quantification limits were low enough, and the precision, expressed as relative
standard deviation, ranged from 0.29 to 13.32%. Pesticide residues being detected by applying the
modified QuEChERS and GCMSMSTQD method, the levels were ranged from 43.00 to 2.00 µg kg-1
for 18 different pesticides, 1.99 to 1.00 µg/kg-1 for 16 different pesticides, 0.99 to 0.50 µg/kg-1 for 12
different pesticides and lower than 0.50 µg kg-1 for 28 different pesticide residues. The proposed
QuEChERS and GC-MS/MSTQD method were applied successfully for the residues extraction and
determination the 74 pesticides.

Author(s) Details

Prof. Mohamed Hamza EL-Saeid

Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Department of USA.

Ahmed Yasseen Majjami
Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and A Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Prof. A. S. Modaihsh
Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/217