The Cohesive Forces in Explaining Material Phenomena | Chapter 7 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 9

 

The study of cohesive forces, which fundamentally govern the interaction and integrity of materials, has led to an improved understanding of macroscopic and microscopic phenomena. This manuscript explores cohesive forces as a unifying principle in materials, focusing on their role in organic and inorganic systems. By studying carbon-based materials, it demonstrates how cohesive forces influence structural stability, conductivity and material behavior under diverse conditions. Key findings include the pivotal role of carbon in enhancing material properties and its transformative applications in energy storage systems, graphene-based technologies and protein stability. These insights drive innovations in nanotechnology, biotechnology and sustainable materials.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Rajasekaran Ekambaram
V.S.B. Engineering College, Karudayampalayam, Karur - 639111, TN, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v9/4132

An Investigation of Galvanised Iron and Iron Alloy Anodic Electrodes Performance Used for Corrosion Protection of Crude Oil Storage Tanks | Chapter 7 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 5

Crude oil can carry various high–impurity products which are inherently corrosive. Such highly corrosive media are Sulfur (S) and free water (H2O).These materials  degradation in the mechanical properties of the crude oil storage tanks walls leads to reduction in thickness.

There are two basic methods used to provide cathodic protection (C.P) to steel tanks. By far the most common and simplest method of protection is a “sacrificial anode system” and “impressed current system”. Aluminum (Al), Zinc (Zn) and Magnesium (Mg) anodes are commonly used in the sacrificial anode system method.

In this work, two laboratory experiments are conducted by using two samples: (A)- anode electrode of Galvanized iron and (B)- anode electrode of iron alloy metal while the cathode electrode of carbon steel are used for both experiments. The electrodes are immersed in an electrochemical corrosion cell containing crude oil taken from the West Qurna oil field in Basra Governorate, southern of Iraq, for the purpose of measuring the corrosion rates of the anode electrodes and then compare the result with the corrosion rate of Zinc electrode, which is mainly used for cathodic protection of oil storage tanks.

Results showed that the corrosion rate of the iron anodic electrode is (0.56 mm/y) which is higher than the corrosion rate of Zinc electrode  is  (0.365 mm/y),  while the corrosion rate for Galvanized iron electrode is (0.01 mm/y).

Conclusion confirmed that the anode electrode of iron alloy metal can be used in the manufacture for the cathodic protection (C.P) of oil storage tanks, which is much cheaper than the Zinc electrode is currently used.

Author(s) Details:

Saad M. Potrous,
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basra, Iraq

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V5/article/view/13298

Describing the Alignment of Course Assessment with the Blended-Learning Teaching Approach for a First Year Material Science Course | Chapter 2 | Modern Perspectives in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 8

 Material science, one of the core courses with a significant workload, is feared by first-year mechanical engineering students. The capacity to apply sophisticated materials science to the proper selection of engineering materials cannot be measured in a single final test. In order to work in the blended-learning course, peer-to-peer lecture film enabled inverted classroom scenarios were built. The Moodle course's unique architecture allows students to earn micro-grades over time by participating in a variety of activities such as tests, lectures, presentations, forum discussions, written homework, and glossary entries. The overall course grade is then calculated by adding the micro grades. Improved learning outcomes can be shown in high-quality class discussions and, most importantly for students, slightly improved scores in some cohorts when compared to those tested solely by a final exam (average C+). The study's goal is to show one viable teaching pathway for aligning the course structure and graded activities to the targeted learning outcome - both of which are critical aspects in improving learning outcomes.

Author (S) Details

Prof. Anja Pfennig
HTW Berlin, University of Applied Sciences, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A, 12459 Berlin, Germany.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPLLE-V8/article/view/3186