Tendon Transfer Techniques for Foot Drop: Restoring Function and Mobility | Chapter 11 | Key Flaps in Plastic Surgery

 This book chapter presents a case report and discussion on tendon transfer as a surgical technique used to restore function and improve mobility in individuals with tendon or muscle injuries, weaknesses, or deformities. The case presentation describes a patient with a posttraumatic left common peroneal nerve injury resulting in foot drop. The surgical intervention involved a tibialis posterior to tibialis anterior tendon transfer to correct the foot drop.

The operative procedure included identifying the tibialis posterior tendon through a medial ankle incision, disinserting it, and bringing it out through an anteromedial leg incision. The tendon was then transferred to the tibialis anterior through a tunnel between the incisions, and tendon anastomosis was achieved using the Pulvertaft technique. The postoperative period was uneventful, and satisfactory results were observed during follow-up examinations.

The discussion section introduces tendon transfer as a surgical procedure commonly performed in orthopaedic and plastic surgery. The surgical technique is described, including patient evaluation, incisions, tendon harvesting, tendon transfer, wound closure, postoperative care, and rehabilitation. The chapter emphasizes the advantages of tendon transfer, such as improved function, increased mobility, and enhanced quality of life for patients.

The chapter highlights the importance of tendon transfer in restoring function and mobility in individuals with tendon or muscle injuries. It emphasizes the significance of appropriate patient evaluation, surgical technique, and postoperative rehabilitation to achieve successful outcomes. By understanding the principles and considerations of tendon transfer, surgeons can effectively address tendon and muscle deficiencies and improve the quality of life for their patients.

Author(s) Details:

Mohd. Altaf Mir,
Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS),Bathinda-151001, India.

Jaya Jain,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda-151001, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/KFPS/article/view/11506

Determine the Impact of COVID on Lower-Limb Exoskeleton Robotic System Patents | Chapter 4 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 The development of technologies in current decades has left allure mark on implementing made or done by a machine systems that help the old (and not only) to overcome locomotor difficulties. The concern of analysts in this field has taken place in patent proposals to institute different types of made or done by a machine exoskeleton systems of the lower appendages, some commercially free. In this context, the question stands, "how has the COVID universal affected the progress of the publication of research results in the form of patents. Another question is, "by virtue of what has the volume of brochure or the application of new patents transformed in robotic exoskeleton schemes?" The present study led to the theory that this pandemic has provoked a reduction in the capacity of new applications and likely publications. To corroborate the study, we compared the dossier collected in the last ten of something, distinguishing betwixt periods. In addition, this study used mathematical tests to determine the life of significant changes. The results got strengthen the theory we proposed and show that the universal had at least an effect on the request for new patents established the information resolved from the three databases examined.

Author(s) Details:

Cristina Floriana Pana,
Department of Mechatronics and Robotics, Faculty of Automation, Computers and Electronics, University of Craiova, Romania.

Virginia Maria Radulescu,
Department of Automation and Electronics, Faculty of Automation, Computers and Electronics, University of Craiova, Romania.

Daniela Maria Patrascu-Pana,
Department of Mechatronics and Robotics, Faculty of Automation, Computers and Electronics, University of Craiova, Romania.

Nicu George Bizdoaca,
Department of Mechatronics and Robotics, Faculty of Automation, Computers and Electronics, University of Craiova, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V7/article/view/9950

Determining Functional End Ranges of Lower Limb Joints in Positions Commonly Used for ADLs in India | Chapter 7 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 Background: In many Asian cultures, standing on the floor rather than sitting in a chair is preferred. Squatting and cross-legged sitting on the ground are common among the Indian population's traditional practises and daily duties. Squatting is a closed kinetic activity that involves several joint movements.

The goal of the study was to evaluate the functional end-ranges of the hip, knee, and ankle joints in healthy Indian volunteers in common ADL situations such as squatting and cross-legged sitting.

Methods: A total of 66 healthy participants, ranging in age from 30 to 50 years, were recruited from rural and urban populations. The Universal Goniometer was used to quantify joint ROM in the lower extremities. Squat and cross-legged stances were required of all subjects, which were graded.

The individuals in cross leg sitting grade 2 (independent CLS) had hip flexion ranges of 1150, hip abduction ranges of 410, hip external rotation ranges of 420, and ankle plantar flexion ranges of 460, p0.005. Grade 2 (independent squat) had hip flexion ranges of 1130, p>0.005, knee flexion ranges of 1200, p>0.005, and ankle dorsiflexion ranges of 150, p0.005.

Conclusion: The findings imply that squatting and cross-leg sitting several times a day can help prevent the early closure of lower limb end ranges. It's critical to understand why ranges are limited, as this has implications for clinical practise. By acknowledging such factors, future investigations may be piloted with a deeper knowledge.

Author(S) Details

Niketa Patel
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, India.

Lavina Rajesh Khatri
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, India.

Lata Parmar
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V10/article/view/4622

Morphometric Analysis of Fibularis Tertius Muscle in Eastern Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study | Chapter 1 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 12

 Introduction: The unipennate extensor compartment muscle Fibularis tertius is unique to humans. The Fibularis tertius muscle flap is used by foot surgeons to transposition the ankle joint and correct any laxity. Variable muscle insertion may play a role in the cause of torsional stress, as shown in various foot fractures.

The goal of this study was to look at the incidence of the fibularis tertius muscle in cadaveric limbs, as well as its size and differences in origin and insertion.

Dissecting 100 cadaveric lower limbs was used to assess the incidence, size, and variability in the origin and insertion of the fibularis tertius muscle (50 right and 50 left). Fibularis tertius was seen in all of the limbs. Between the fourth and fifth metatarsals, it was placed. The length and width of the muscle, as well as its tendon, were all measured.

Conclusion: Because the distal attachment of the fibularis tertius varies, foot surgeons who do tendoplasty or tendon transfer procedures must have a good understanding of the muscle.

Author (S) Details

Dr. Gyanaranjan Nayak
Department of Anatomy, IMS and SUM Hospital, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V12/article/view/2692

Role of Colour Doppler in Evaluation of Venous Abnormalities of Lower Limb: A Prospective Cross Sectional Study | Chapter 7 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 16

 Background: Venous abnormalities in the lower limbs are a very prevalent cause of morbidity. Despite clinical diagnosis being the cornerstone, Color Doppler Ultrasound has become the research of choice for confirming the diagnosis of lower limb venous disease. This study looked into the role of Color Doppler ultrasound in various venous disorders of the lower leg, and the sonographic findings were compared to surgical and clinical findings. The participants in this study were 100 individuals of different ages and genders who came with clinically suspected entities affecting the lower leg venous system. Our findings demonstrated a clear male preponderance (65%) in the age group 21-40 years, with a 41 percent incidence rate. Isolated varicose veins were the most common, accounting for 58%, followed by isolated DVT (29%), varicose veins with thrombophlebitis (5%), DVT with thrombophlebitis (5%), DVT with varicose veins (2%), and hematoma (1%). (1 percent). The results were 100 percent accurate and matched the procedure perfectly.  Color Doppler Ultrasound is unique because of its great feasibility, accessibility, and cost effectiveness. Its dynamism is also used to generate fluctuations in blood flow by a variety of movements conducted by patients, radiologists, and machine factors in order to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.

Author (S) Details

Dinika Sharma
Department of Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University (Deemed to be university), Pune, Maharashtra, India.

John D’Souza
Department of Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University (Deemed to be university), Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Priscilla Joshi
Department of Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University (Deemed to be university), Pune, Maharashtra, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V16/article/view/2392

Antiseptic Use in Wounds of the Lower Limb | Chapter 10 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4

 The goal of this study is to go over all of the available research on antiseptic safety and efficacy in surgical wounds. Different antiseptic solutions, irrigation amounts, time scales, and delivery systems have been examined in order to develop evidence-based antiseptic recommendations for plastic, orthopaedic, and foot and ankle surgical operations.

Methods: To find in-vitro and in-vivo research relevant to antiseptic use in an orthopaedic context, a literature search was conducted utilising the online databases Medline and EMBase. Antiseptic, irrigation fluid, bacitracin, hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, and chlorhexidine were among the terms used in the search. The whole text of literature published in English from the beginning to July 2020 was evaluated for inclusion. Authors analysed antiseptic efficacy and/or toxic effect of antiseptic on cells present in orthopaedic wounds, so cellular and animal research were included. Antiseptic usage in a surgical context was examined in clinical studies that matched the criteria for inclusion in this review, with a focus on foot and ankle procedures. Case reports, case series, case control, prospective and retrospective investigations, and randomised controlled trials were among them. In-vitro, animal, and human investigations were all classified. In-vitro, animal, and human research were detected in twenty-three, eleven, and forty-seven papers, respectively. These have been summarised and presented in a narrative fashion in this article.

Antiseptic skin treatment before plastic and orthopaedic surgeries minimises the incidence of post-operative infection, according to the findings.

Conclusion: Routine intra-operative prophylactic antiseptic usage should be used with caution because it increases the risk of local and systemic problems. However, there is considerable evidence to support the use of antiseptics when prepping the skin prior to surgery. Because no single agent or solution is effective against all pathogens, determining the ideal antiseptic preparation remains a point of contention. To determine the efficacy of antiseptics in the prevention and treatment of infections, more research is required.

Author (s) Details

Tiffanie-Marie Borg
Academic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindom.

Fahima A. Begum
University College Hospital, United Kingdom.

Hamed Mazoochy
Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, United Kingdom.

Nima Heidari
Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, United Kingdom.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V4/article/view/1502