Climate Change, Land Degradation and Sustainability: Insight towards Innovative Solutions from Indian Perspective | Chapter 5 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 1

 Climate change in India is characterised by a 0.7 °C temperature rise, uneven distribution of rainfall, extreme weather events, reduced snowfall, and rapidly intensifying high-frequency cyclones along both coasts. These changes lead to various types of land degradation in different parts of the country, including soil erosion, desertification, prolonged waterlogging, and salt accumulation, which increases soil acidity. The most significant environmental issue in India is soil erosion, driven by both water and wind. Approximately 37 million hectares of agricultural land are affected by water erosion, which depletes the topsoil and impacts agricultural productivity. Additionally, coastal areas are experiencing saltwater intrusion, soil salinity, and waterlogging, which are growing concerns in areas reliant on irrigation. Agrochemical use and microplastic contamination are also emerging challenges contributing to land degradation. To address these land degradation issues, India has implemented watershed conservation programs, government schemes, and sustainable land management practices. These include the use of organic inputs for erosion control, controlled grazing, biofertilizers, and other measures to mitigate land degradation. To combat climate change, the country is focusing on protecting carbon sinks by sequestering carbon in soil to improve biomass, halting deforestation, regulating forest biomes, and following restoration and conservation practices. Protecting biodiversity, supporting local communities, and recharging groundwater are also essential actions. A comprehensive approach, including effective policy implementation, farmer education, and addressing soil and land degradation issues, is crucial to overcoming these challenges.

 

Author (s) Details

Dhanapriya M
Birla Institute of Technology (BIT), Mesra, Ranchi – 835215, India.

 

Gowtham S
Agriculture-ecosystem Modelling Division, National Remote Sensing Center, ISRO, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500032, India.

 

Vigneshwari R
Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v1/5649

Spatial and Temporal Response of Vegetation and Production of Crops to Climate in Rajasthan, India | Chapter 3 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 4

Agricultural activities are chiefly influenced by the weather and climate. The success or failure of crops mainly under rain-fed conditions in arid and semi-arid regions is closely associated with climate variability. Drought is one of the worst natural calamities that affect major parts of India, mainly in the desert states of Rajasthan recurrently and creates innumerable problems immediately or over time as the economy experiences adverse impacts. In this study, long-term NOAA-AVHRRGIMMS3G (1983-2011) Normalize Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time trends were used as a proxy for Net Primary Production (NPP). Monthly rainfall data sets have been collected from the Indian Meteorology Department (IMD) and the Department of Revenue for the period from 1983-2011 for 102 rain gauge stations in Rajasthan. The vegetation greenness in Rajasthan has an increasing trend in the recent decade, these positive anomalies have been noticed from 1996 onwards, however, they may vary at a regional scale. In the 2000 drought, an extreme value of SPI reached up to -3.69 in September and –2.84 in August, which exhibits the severity of drought conditions. Generally, the station belongs to the desert districts of Jaisalmer, Bikaner, and Churu having extreme negative SPI during drought years and moderate anomaly in normal years. This study has demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between rainfall, vegetation, and crop growth. This study found that the spatial and temporal variations of NDVI are closely linked with precipitation and there is a strong association between rainfall anomaly and NDVI anomaly.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

K. Rajendram
Eastern University, Vantharumoolai, Chenkalady, Sri Lanka.

 

N. R. Patel
Agriculture & Soil Division, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v4/8030A

A Study on Effects of Sustainable Land Management Practices on Food Security of Beneficiary Households: A Context of Adaptation to Climate Change in the Communes of Malanville and Kouandé in Northern Benin | Chapter 2 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 The aim concerning this present work is to resolve the effect of sustainable farming (SLM) measures on the food freedom of households benefiting from mood change resilience through the SLM project in Kouandé and Malanville in northerly Benin (CCRP-SLM). Food security and feed safety are two connected concepts to fare dangers. Food hazards are many traits or events that can indicate attainable health issues.  A survey of 305 builders in two communes in northern Benin was used to acquire socioeconomic data. The u.s. city-square test, With and Without, and CARI techniques were working in STATA 15 softwares to investigate the agreement rate of the SLM measures communicated, in addition to the effects of these measures on benefits' food safety. The results demonstrate that four SLM measures were achieved among those delivered by the PRCC-GDT (Integrated Soil Fertility Management, Soil and Water Conservation, Integrated Agriculture and Livestock Management, and Climate Change Adaptation).CARI's reasoning reveals that 66% of PRCC-GDT benefits and 16% of non-beneficiaries are cuisine-secure. As a result, extension duties and structures need to accelerate their actions on these various measures, through activities to hearten producers on SLM measures in the circumstances of climate change alleviation, in order to guarantee food freedom. As a result, extension instrumentalities or organizations must plan out efforts on these differing measures via exercises to strengthen builders on SLM measures in the context of checking the effects of humidity change and ensuring feed safety.

Author(s) Details:

Ibidon Firmin Akpo,
Research and Analysis Laboratory on Economic and Social Dynamics (LARDES), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, P.O. Box: 123, Parakou, Benin.

Filikibirou Tassou Zakari,
Research and Analysis Laboratory on Economic and Social Dynamics (LARDES), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, P.O. Box: 123, Parakou, Benin.

Francis Oninkitan Agani,
Research and Analysis Laboratory on Economic and Social Dynamics (LARDES), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, P.O. Box: 123, Parakou, Benin.

Kassimou Issaka,
Research and Analysis Laboratory on Economic and Social Dynamics (LARDES), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, P.O. Box: 123, Parakou, Benin.

Jacob Afouda Yabi,
Research and Analysis Laboratory on Economic and Social Dynamics (LARDES), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, P.O. Box: 123, Parakou, Benin.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V8/article/view/12060